Muscular Assessments Flashcards
Lordosis
Increased anterior lumbar curve from neutral (curve in lower back)
Shortened (engaged) - Hip Flexors, Lumbar Extensors
Lengthened - Hip extensors, External obliques, Rectus abdominis
Kyphosis
Increase posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Shortened (engaged) - Anterior chest/ shoulders, Latissimus dorsi, next extensors
Lengthened - Upper-back extensors, Scapular stabilizers, Neck flexors
Flat Back Posture
Decreased anterior lumbar curve from neutral
Shortened - Rectus Abdominis, Upper back Extensors, Neck extensors, ankle Plantar Flexors
Sway - Back Posture
Decreased anterior lumbar curve/ increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Shortened - hamstrings, upper posterior obliques, lumbar extensors, neck extensors
Lengthened - illiacus/ psoas major, rectus femoris, external oblique, upper-back extensors, neck flexors
5 Key Postural Deviations
- Subtalar pronation/ supination and effect on tibial and femoral rotation
- Hip Deviation
- Pelvic Tilting (Anterior/ Posterior)
- Shoulder Position/ Thoracic spine
- Head Position
Subtalar pronation/ supination and effect on tibial and femoral rotation
- subtler joint will impact position of tibia and femur
- pronated subtler joint forces internal rotation of the tibia and slight rotation of the femur
Hip Adduction
- lateral tilt of the pelvis elevating one hip higher than the other (hip hiking)
- position progressively lengthens and weakens the right hip abductors
Pelvic Tilting Anterior or Posterior)
- Frequently occurs in people with tight hip flexors, who are physically inactive and sedentary
An anterior pelvic tilt will increase lordosis in the lumbar spine? True or False?
True
- Posterior pelvic tilt will reduce the amount of lordosis
Hypertonic hip flexors coulee with tight erector spine muscles produce
anterior tilt
Tight or hypertonic rectus abdomens muscles coupled with tight hamstrings produce
posterior pelvic tilt
Observation: ASIS (Anterior superior iliac spine) tilts downward/ forward
hip flexors, erector spine - tight
hamstrings, rectus abdominis - lengthened
Sagittal Plane
Observation: Shoulders NOT level
Tight - upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids on the elevated side
Observation: Asymmetry to midline
Tight - Lateral trunk flexors (flexed side)
Observation: Protracted, forward rounded shoulders
Tight - Serratus anterior, anterior scapulohumeral muscles, upper trapezius
Observation: Medially rotated humerus
Tight - Pectoralis major and latissimus doors (should adductors), subscapularis
Observation: Kyphosis/ depressed chest
Tight - Shoulder adductors, pectorals minor, rectus abdominis, internal oblique
Observation forward - head position
Tight - Cervical spine extensors, upper trapezius, levator scapulae
Static Balance Unipedal Stance Test
- Hands crossed, lift non-dominant foot
- eyes open then closed for 2nd test
- test ends when floor touches ground, eyes open from second test or client achieves max 45-second duration of the test
- administer three trials/ record best performance
Dynamic Balance: Y Balance Test
- test balance on one leg
- reach as far as possible in 3 directions (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral)
Trunk Flexor Endurance Test
- Isometric trunk flexor endurance test for (rectus abdomens, external/ internal obliques, transverse abdominis)
- timed test isometric contraction until fatigue
- not suitable for those with back pain
- hips/ knees at 90 degrees
- client folds arms against a board positioned at 50- 60 degree incline
Trunk Lateral Endurance Test
- client gets into a side plank/ bridge position
- hips elevated off mat
- goal is to hold this position for as long as possible
- Terminate when their is noticeable different in trunk position
- Record time
Trunk Extensor Endurance Test
- Timed static, isometric contraction prone position on table with strap or body weight of trainer
- Flat back with table crossing hands over shoulder
- Record the client’s time
