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My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) > Muscoskeletal > Flashcards

Muscoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles attach to bones via ______.

A

Tendons

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2
Q

What protein imparts flexibility to the bone?

A

Collagen

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3
Q

What minerals confer hardness and rigidity to bones?

A

Calcium and Phosphate

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4
Q

Mature bone cells are known as ________

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

Bone-building cells are known as ________

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

Bone-resorbing cells are known as ________

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

The outer layer of the bone is known as ____ bone

A

Compact

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8
Q

Bone that is filled with marrow

A

Spongy

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9
Q

Red Blood Cells are produced from _________

A

Red Bone Marrow

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10
Q

Long bones contain a _______ cavity

A

Medullary

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11
Q

The medullary houses _________

A

Yellow Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow contains __________

A

Fat

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13
Q

The growth plate is also known as ________

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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14
Q

Cartilage is converted to bone via _________

A

Ossification

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15
Q

Cells forming new bone tissue are found in the _________

A

Periosteum

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16
Q

What are the articulating bones in freely moving joints held together by?

A

Ligaments

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17
Q

What lubricates joints?

A

Synovial Fluid

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18
Q

Sacs of synovial fluid near frequently moved joints, such as the knees and shoulders

A

Bursae

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19
Q

Muscles that are fully attached to bones via tendons

A

Skeletal Muscles

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20
Q

Muscles lining the vessels and organs

A

Smooth Muscles

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21
Q

Muscles in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscles

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22
Q

Diagnostic test to visualize the inside of the joint cavity

A

Anthroscopy

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23
Q

Measures the electrical activity in muscles

A

Electromyography(EMG)

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24
Q

Bacterial infection of bone

A

Osteomyelitis

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25
Q

Porous bones that are abnormally fragile and susceptible to fracture

A

Osteoporosis

26
Q

Improper hardening of bones in youth

27
Q

Softening or decalcification of bones in adults

A

Osteomalacia

28
Q

Overproduction of bone, commonly in skull, vertebrae and pelvis

A

Paget’s Disease(Osteitis Deformans)

29
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

30
Q

Exaggerated posterior curve of the thoracic spine, occurs first in adulthood

31
Q

Bone cancer that arises from the bony tissue itself, frequently affects the ends of bones

A

Osteogenic Sarcoma

32
Q

Bone breaks, but does not penetrate skin

A

Closed Fracture/Simple Fracture

33
Q

Broken ends of bone protrudes through soft tissues and skin

A

Open Fracture/Compound Fracture

34
Q

Bone fragments into many pieces

A

Comminuted Fracture

35
Q

Bone is crushed

A

Compression Fracture

36
Q

Broken ends of bones are forced into each other

A

Impacted Fracture

37
Q

Broken bone is pressed inward

A

Depressed Fracture

38
Q

Jagged break due to twisting force applied to bone

A

Spiral Fracture

39
Q

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green stick breaks

A

Greenstick Fracture

40
Q

Means the “inflammation of a joint”

41
Q

Chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease affecting joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

42
Q

Thickened granulation that further destroys a joint, results in erosion, scarring, and fusion

43
Q

Most common form of arthritis, split into Primary(caused by aging) and Secondary(caused by trauma, obesity)

A

Osteoarthritis

44
Q

Arthritis that commonly affects the hands and feet, particularly the metatarso-phalangeal joint in the big toe

A

Gout/Gouty Arthritis

45
Q

Arthritis caused by a bacterial infection of the joint, considered a medical emergency

A

Septic Arthritis

46
Q

Painful inflammation of bursae, commonly at the shoulder joint

47
Q

Rupture of cartilaginous pads between the bony bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

Herniated Discs

48
Q

Displacement of bones from their normal position in a joint

A

Dislocation

49
Q

Results from the wrenching/twisting of a joint that injures the ligaments

50
Q

Result of tearing of a muscle or its tendon from excessive use or overstretching

A

Strains(Pulled Muscles)

51
Q

The acronym for joint trauma relief

A

RICE(Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

52
Q

Painful condition of the hand, a repetitive motion injury

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS)

53
Q

A variety of disorders that result in muscle degeneration and physical disability

A

Muscle Dystrophies(MD)

54
Q

The most common and most serious type of muscle dystrophy, result of a sex-linked gene(2/10,000 people)

A

Duchenne’s MD

55
Q

Cytoskeletal protein missing in patients with Duchenne’s MD

A

Dystrophin

56
Q

Rare autoimmune disorder that affects the myoneural junction, where nerves fail to transmit an impulse to the muscle

A

Myasthenia Gravis(MG)

57
Q

Malignant Tumours of the skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdomyosarcomas

58
Q

Primary osteoarthritis occurs with

A

Normal Aging

59
Q

Secondary osteoarthritis is associated with

A

Joint injury, trauma, obesity

60
Q

What are attacks of gout(gouty arthritis) related to in the blood?

61
Q

What cytoskeletal protein is missing in people with Duchenne’s MD?

A

Dystrophin

62
Q

What is the most common form of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis

My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) (10 decks)

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