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My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Starts asymptomatic; then progresses to pain of angina pectoris; goes to burning, crushing, squeezing, radiating to arm/neck/jaw pain; nausea, vomiting and weakness(Involves arteries supplying myocardium)

A

Coronary Artery Disease(CAD)

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2
Q

Sudden onset of left side chest pain; may radiate to left arm/back; dyspnea, hypertension and arrythmias(Reduced oxygen supply to myocardium)

A

Angina Pectoris

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3
Q

Death of myocardial tissue caused by development of ischemia

A

Myocardial Infarction(MI)

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4
Q

Sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

A

Cardiac Arrest

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5
Q

Abnormally high blood pressure

A

Essential\Primary Hypertension

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6
Q

Life threatening, severe form of hypertension

A

Malignant Hypertension

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7
Q

Acute or chronic inability of heart to pump enough blood

A

Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)

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8
Q

Right sided heart disease

A

Cor Pulmonale

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9
Q

Fluid shift into extravascular spaces of lungs

A

Pulmonary Edema

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10
Q

Noninflammatory disease of cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of myocardium and ventricular dysfunction

A

Cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of pericardium(the sac enclosing/protecting the heart)

A

Pericarditis

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12
Q

Inflammation of muscular walls of heart

A

Myocarditis

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13
Q

Inflammation of lining and valves of heart

A

Endocarditis

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14
Q

Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving joints and cardiac tissue

A

Rheumatic Fever

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15
Q

Cardiac manifestations that follow rheumatic fever

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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16
Q

Hardening of cusps of mitral valve that prevent complete and normal opening for passage of blood from left atrium to the left ventricle

A

Mitral Stenosis

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17
Q

Mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood from left ventricle to flow back into left atrium

A

Mitral Insufficiency

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18
Q

One or more cusps of Mitral valve protrude back into left atrium during ventricular contraction

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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19
Q

Any deviation from normal heartbeat, normal sinus rhythm

A

Arrythmias(Irregular Heartbeats)

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20
Q

Collapse of cardiovascular system

A

Shock

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21
Q

Inadequate output of blood by heart

A

Cardiogenic Shock

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22
Q

Compression of heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in pericardial sac

A

Cardiac Tamponade(Cardiac Compression)

23
Q

Rate of 60-100 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

A

Normal sinus rhythm

24
Q

Rate of >100 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

A

Sinus Tachycardia

25
Q

Rate of <60 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

A

Sinus Bradycardia

26
Q

Rate depends on underlying rhythm, usually normal P wave, different morphology from other P waves

A

Premature Atrial Contraction

27
Q

Rate of 150-250 bpm, rhythm normal, sudden onset

A

Atrial Tachycardia

28
Q

Atrial rate >350 bpm, ventricular rate <100 bpm(controlled) or >100 bpm(rapid ventricular response)

A

Atrial Fibrillation

29
Q

Rate depends on rate of underlying rhythm, P-R interval >0.20 second

A

First Degree Heart Block

30
Q

Intermittent block with progressively longer delay in conduction until one beat is blocked, atrial rate normal, ventricular rate slower than normal, rhythm irregular

A

Second Degree Heart Block/Wenckebach Heart Block

31
Q

Ventricular rate slow(1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of atrial rate), rhythm regular, P waves normal, QRS complex dropped every second, third or fourth beat

A

Classic Second Degree Heart Block

32
Q

Atrial rate normal, ventricular rate 20-40 or 40-60 bpm, no relationship between P wave and QRS complex

A

Third Degree Heart Block

33
Q

Single ectopic beat, arising from ventricle, followed by compensatory pause

A

Premature Ventricular Contraction(Single Focus)

34
Q

Rate dependant on underlying rhythm, rhythm regular or irregular, P wave absent before ectopic beat

A

Multifocal Arrythmia(Coupling: Two in a row; Bigeminy: Every other beat; Trigeminy: Every third beat; Quadrigeminy: Every fourth beat)

35
Q

Rate of 150-250 bpm, rhythm usually regular, focus of pacemaker normally single, patient experiences palpitations, dyspnea and anxiety followed by chest pain

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

36
Q

Patient loses consciousness immediately after onset, no peripheral pulses palpable, no heart sounds, no blood pressure

A

Ventricular Fibrillation(a lethal arrythmia)

37
Q

Acquired or congenital disorder involving any of the four valves of the heart

A

Valvular Heart Diseases

38
Q

Result of chronically elevated pressure throughout vascular system

A

Hypertensive Heart Diseases

39
Q

Encloses the heart in a double layer

A

Pericardium

40
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Myocardium

41
Q

Smooth serous lining inside the cavities of the heart

A

Endocardium

42
Q

Allows blood to hold water and maintain pressure inside blood vessels

A

Albumin

43
Q

Red blood cells are also known as

A

Erythrocytes

44
Q

White blood cells are also known as

A

Leukocytes

45
Q

Abnormally low number of red blood cells

A

Anemia

46
Q

Bleeding disorders are also known as

A

Disorders of Hemostasis

47
Q

Cause factors of blood disorders

A

Abnormal platelet function/number, Vitamin K deficiencies or clotting factor deficiencies

48
Q

Inflammation of blood vessels

A

Purpura

49
Q

What are the three types of cardiomyopathies?

A

Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive

50
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy results in diffuse degeneration of myocardial fibers?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

51
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy results in an elongated left ventricle and possible obstruction of aortic valve?

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

52
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy results in fibrosis and thickening of myocardium?

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

53
Q

What type of pericarditis is caused by adhesions between the pericardium and heart?

A

Acute Pericarditis

54
Q

What type of pericarditis is caused by fibrous calcification of visceral membrane?

A

Chronic Pericarditis

My Packs: HOSA (Pathophysiology)(General) (10 decks)

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