Cardiovascular

Question 1

Starts asymptomatic; then progresses to pain of angina pectoris; goes to burning, crushing, squeezing, radiating to arm/neck/jaw pain; nausea, vomiting and weakness(Involves arteries supplying myocardium)

Answer 1

Coronary Artery Disease(CAD)

Question 2

Sudden onset of left side chest pain; may radiate to left arm/back; dyspnea, hypertension and arrythmias(Reduced oxygen supply to myocardium)

Answer 2

Angina Pectoris

Question 3

Death of myocardial tissue caused by development of ischemia

Answer 3

Myocardial Infarction(MI)

Question 4

Sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

Answer 4

Cardiac Arrest

Question 5

Abnormally high blood pressure

Answer 5

Essential\Primary Hypertension

Question 6

Life threatening, severe form of hypertension

Answer 6

Malignant Hypertension

Question 7

Acute or chronic inability of heart to pump enough blood

Answer 7

Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)

Question 8

Right sided heart disease

Answer 8

Cor Pulmonale

Question 9

Fluid shift into extravascular spaces of lungs

Answer 9

Pulmonary Edema

Question 10

Noninflammatory disease of cardiac muscle resulting in enlargement of myocardium and ventricular dysfunction

Answer 10

Cardiomyopathy

Question 11

Acute or chronic inflammation of pericardium(the sac enclosing/protecting the heart)

Answer 11

Pericarditis

Question 12

Inflammation of muscular walls of heart

Answer 12

Myocarditis

Question 13

Inflammation of lining and valves of heart

Answer 13

Endocarditis

Question 14

Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving joints and cardiac tissue

Answer 14

Rheumatic Fever

Question 15

Cardiac manifestations that follow rheumatic fever

Answer 15

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Question 16

Hardening of cusps of mitral valve that prevent complete and normal opening for passage of blood from left atrium to the left ventricle

Answer 16

Mitral Stenosis

Question 17

Mitral valve fails to close completely and allows blood from left ventricle to flow back into left atrium

Answer 17

Mitral Insufficiency

Question 18

One or more cusps of Mitral valve protrude back into left atrium during ventricular contraction

Answer 18

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 19

Any deviation from normal heartbeat, normal sinus rhythm

Answer 19

Arrythmias(Irregular Heartbeats)

Question 20

Collapse of cardiovascular system

Answer 20

Shock

Question 21

Inadequate output of blood by heart

Answer 21

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 22

Compression of heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in pericardial sac

Answer 22

Cardiac Tamponade(Cardiac Compression)

Question 23

Rate of 60-100 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

Answer 23

Normal sinus rhythm

Question 24

Rate of >100 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

Answer 24

Sinus Tachycardia

Question 25

Rate of <60 bpm, regular, P wave uniform

Answer 25

Sinus Bradycardia

Question 26

Rate depends on underlying rhythm, usually normal P wave, different morphology from other P waves

Answer 26

Premature Atrial Contraction

Question 27

Rate of 150-250 bpm, rhythm normal, sudden onset

Answer 27

Atrial Tachycardia

Question 28

Atrial rate >350 bpm, ventricular rate <100 bpm(controlled) or >100 bpm(rapid ventricular response)

Answer 28

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 29

Rate depends on rate of underlying rhythm, P-R interval >0.20 second

Answer 29

First Degree Heart Block

Question 30

Intermittent block with progressively longer delay in conduction until one beat is blocked, atrial rate normal, ventricular rate slower than normal, rhythm irregular

Answer 30

Second Degree Heart Block/Wenckebach Heart Block

Question 31

Ventricular rate slow(1/2, 1/3 or 1/4 of atrial rate), rhythm regular, P waves normal, QRS complex dropped every second, third or fourth beat

Answer 31

Classic Second Degree Heart Block

Question 32

Atrial rate normal, ventricular rate 20-40 or 40-60 bpm, no relationship between P wave and QRS complex

Answer 32

Third Degree Heart Block

Question 33

Single ectopic beat, arising from ventricle, followed by compensatory pause

Answer 33

Premature Ventricular Contraction(Single Focus)

Question 34

Rate dependant on underlying rhythm, rhythm regular or irregular, P wave absent before ectopic beat

Answer 34

Multifocal Arrythmia(Coupling: Two in a row; Bigeminy: Every other beat; Trigeminy: Every third beat; Quadrigeminy: Every fourth beat)

Question 35

Rate of 150-250 bpm, rhythm usually regular, focus of pacemaker normally single, patient experiences palpitations, dyspnea and anxiety followed by chest pain

Answer 35

Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 36

Patient loses consciousness immediately after onset, no peripheral pulses palpable, no heart sounds, no blood pressure

Answer 36

Ventricular Fibrillation(a lethal arrythmia)

Question 37

Acquired or congenital disorder involving any of the four valves of the heart

Answer 37

Valvular Heart Diseases

Question 38

Result of chronically elevated pressure throughout vascular system

Answer 38

Hypertensive Heart Diseases

Question 39

Encloses the heart in a double layer

Answer 39

Pericardium

Question 40

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 40

Myocardium

Question 41

Smooth serous lining inside the cavities of the heart

Answer 41

Endocardium

Question 42

Allows blood to hold water and maintain pressure inside blood vessels

Answer 42

Albumin

Question 43

Red blood cells are also known as

Answer 43

Erythrocytes

Question 44

White blood cells are also known as

Answer 44

Leukocytes

Question 45

Abnormally low number of red blood cells

Answer 45

Anemia

Question 46

Bleeding disorders are also known as

Answer 46

Disorders of Hemostasis

Question 47

Cause factors of blood disorders

Answer 47

Abnormal platelet function/number, Vitamin K deficiencies or clotting factor deficiencies

Question 48

Inflammation of blood vessels

Answer 48

Purpura

Question 49

What are the three types of cardiomyopathies?

Answer 49

Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive

Question 50

What type of cardiomyopathy results in diffuse degeneration of myocardial fibers?

Answer 50

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Question 51

What type of cardiomyopathy results in an elongated left ventricle and possible obstruction of aortic valve?

Answer 51

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Question 52

What type of cardiomyopathy results in fibrosis and thickening of myocardium?

Answer 52

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Question 53

What type of pericarditis is caused by adhesions between the pericardium and heart?

Answer 53

Acute Pericarditis

Question 54

What type of pericarditis is caused by fibrous calcification of visceral membrane?

Answer 54

Chronic Pericarditis