Muscles: Upper arm, forearm and hand

Question 1

where do most muscles that move the forearm cause flexion and extension at?

Answer 1

the elbow

Question 2

Name the main (anterior) flexors for moving the radius and ulna (3)

Answer 2

• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis

Question 3

Name the main (posterior) Extensors for the radius and ulna (2)

Answer 3

• Triceps brachii
• anconeus

Question 4

Name the TWO heads of the Biceps Brachii

Answer 4

1. Long head
2. Short head

Question 5

Name the THREE heads of the Triceps Brachii

Answer 5

1. Long head
2. Lateral head
3. Medial head

Question 6

Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in PRONATION

Answer 6

1. Pronator Teres
2. Pronator Quadratus

Question 7

Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in SUPINATION

Answer 7

1. Biceps Brachii
2. Supinator

Question 8

give some examples of activities where pronation, supination and mid-prone position positions are used

Answer 8

• typing on a keyboard (pronation)
• carrying a flat object (supination)
• holding a mug (mid-prone)

Question 9

why are the muscles of the forearm that move the hand, thumb and fingers known as “extrinsic”

Answer 9

because they originate outside the hand but insert within it

Question 10

how are extrinsic muscles of the hand divided?

Answer 10

into an anterior compartment group and a posterior compartment group

Question 11

what is the name of the strong bands that hold the tendons of extrinsic hand muscles to the bone?

Answer 11

Retinacula

Question 12

What are the two “compartments” that divide the forearm?

Answer 12

Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment

Question 13

What is the typical role (flexor/extensor) of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 13

Flexors

Question 14

What is the name of the point in which muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from?

Answer 14

Common Flexor Origin

Question 15

Name 3 examples of muscles found in the Anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 15

1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
3. Palmaris Longus

Question 16

which muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm allow us to grasp objects?

Answer 16

Those that run into the hand:
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 17

Digitorum refers to…

Answer 17

fingers

Question 18

Pollicis refers to…

Answer 18

Thumb

Question 19

Profundus means

Answer 19

deep

Question 20

Superficialis means

Answer 20

superficial/surface level

Question 21

when a muscle has the prefix “Flexor-“ it probably means it is located in which compartment of the forearm?

Answer 21

Anterior compartment of the forearm

Question 22

when a muscle has the prefix “Extensor-“ it probably means it is muscle located in which compartment of the forearm?

Answer 22

Posterior compartment of the forearm

Question 23

Where do muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from?

Answer 23

Common Extensor Origin

Question 24

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that insert only as far as the wrist

Answer 24

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 25

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand and attach to the fingers (HINT: 3 finger, 3 thumb)

Answer 25

3 finger (basic extensor digitorum, indices, minimi) ○ Extensor digitorum ○ Extensor digitorum Indices ○ Extensor digiti minimi 3 thumb (short, long, abductor) ○ Extensor pollicis longus ○ Extensor pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus

Question 26

what is one of the main functions of muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand?

Answer 26

to release objects (by extension)

Question 27

Which way are the metacarpals numbered? (lateral-medial or medial-lateral)

Answer 27

Lateral to medial

Question 28

how many phalanges are there on one hand? describe their distribution between fingers and thumb

Answer 28

14: 2 in thumb, 3 in rest of each fingers

Question 29

Name the joints in the hand

Answer 29

- Carpo-metacarpal - Metacarpo-phalangeal - Inter-phalangeal

Question 30

Why are Muscles of the palm called "instrisic" muscles

Answer 30

because they originate in the hand

Question 31

Name the 3 groups Intrinsic Hand Muscles are split into

Answer 31

1. Thenar 2. Hypothenar 3. Intermediate (palmar)

Question 32

Name the 3 Thenar muscles (of the Thumb)

Answer 32

1. Flexor pollicis Brevis 2. Abductor Pollicis Brevis 3. Opponents Pollicis 4. Abductor Pollicis

Question 33

Name the 3 Hypothenar muscles (of the little finger)

Answer 33

- Flexor Digiti Minimi - Abductor Digiti Minimi - Opponens Digiti Minimi

Question 34

Lumbrical muscles (intrinsic of the hand) are shaped like worms and go through the fingers, how many are there?

Answer 34

4

Question 35

Dorsal Interossei Muscles (fingers) are located between which bones of the hand? how many are there?

Answer 35

Located on/between the metacarpals of the: - Index finger - Middle finger (2) - Ring finger There are 4

Question 36

Do Dorsal Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?

Answer 36

Abduct

Question 37

Do Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?

Answer 37

Adduct

Question 38

How many Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) are there? Where are they located?

Answer 38

- 3 At metacarpals of: - Little finger - Ring - Index

Question 39

Which part of the hand does "thenar" relate to?

Answer 39

the rounded 'fleshy' part of the hand at the base of the thumb

Question 40

Which part of the hand does "hypothenar" relate to?

Answer 40

the prominent part of the hand above the base of the little finger

Question 41

Below which fingers is the intermediate Palmar space?

Answer 41

ring and middle finger

Question 42

what movements are enabled at the wrist?

Answer 42

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 43

what movements are enabled at the thumb?

Answer 43

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition/reposition

Question 44

what movements are enabled at the fingers?

Answer 44

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction