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Foundations of OT practice > Muscles: Upper arm, forearm and hand > Flashcards

Muscles: Upper arm, forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

where do most muscles that move the forearm cause flexion and extension at?

A

the elbow

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2
Q

Name the main (anterior) flexors for moving the radius and ulna (3)

A
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
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3
Q

Name the main (posterior) Extensors for the radius and ulna (2)

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • anconeus
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4
Q

Name the TWO heads of the Biceps Brachii

A
  1. Long head
  2. Short head
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5
Q

Name the THREE heads of the Triceps Brachii

A
  1. Long head
  2. Lateral head
  3. Medial head
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6
Q

Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in PRONATION

A
  1. Pronator Teres
  2. Pronator Quadratus
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7
Q

Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in SUPINATION

A
  1. Biceps Brachii
  2. Supinator
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8
Q

give some examples of activities where pronation, supination and mid-prone position positions are used

A
  • typing on a keyboard (pronation)
  • carrying a flat object (supination)
  • holding a mug (mid-prone)
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9
Q

why are the muscles of the forearm that move the hand, thumb and fingers known as “extrinsic”

A

because they originate outside the hand but insert within it

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10
Q

how are extrinsic muscles of the hand divided?

A

into an anterior compartment group and a posterior compartment group

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11
Q

what is the name of the strong bands that hold the tendons of extrinsic hand muscles to the bone?

A

Retinacula

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12
Q

What are the two “compartments” that divide the forearm?

A

Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment

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13
Q

What is the typical role (flexor/extensor) of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexors

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14
Q

What is the name of the point in which muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from?

A

Common Flexor Origin

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15
Q

Name 3 examples of muscles found in the Anterior compartment of the forearm

A
  1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus
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16
Q

which muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm allow us to grasp objects?

A

Those that run into the hand:
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexor Pollicis Longus

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17
Q

Digitorum refers to…

A

fingers

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18
Q

Pollicis refers to…

A

Thumb

19
Q

Profundus means

A

deep

20
Q

Superficialis means

A

superficial/surface level

21
Q

when a muscle has the prefix “Flexor-“ it probably means it is located in which compartment of the forearm?

A

Anterior compartment of the forearm

22
Q

when a muscle has the prefix “Extensor-“ it probably means it is muscle located in which compartment of the forearm?

A

Posterior compartment of the forearm

23
Q

Where do muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from?

A

Common Extensor Origin

24
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that insert only as far as the wrist

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
25
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand and attach to the fingers

(HINT: 3 finger, 3 thumb)

A

3 finger (basic extensor digitorum, indices, minimi)
○ Extensor digitorum
○ Extensor digitorum Indices
○ Extensor digiti minimi

3 thumb (short, long, abductor)
○ Extensor pollicis longus
○ Extensor pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus

26
Q

what is one of the main functions of muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand?

A

to release objects (by extension)

27
Q

Which way are the metacarpals numbered? (lateral-medial or medial-lateral)

A

Lateral to medial

28
Q

how many phalanges are there on one hand? describe their distribution between fingers and thumb

A

14:
2 in thumb, 3 in rest of each fingers

29
Q

Name the joints in the hand

A
  • Carpo-metacarpal
  • Metacarpo-phalangeal
  • Inter-phalangeal
30
Q

Why are Muscles of the palm called “instrisic” muscles

A

because they originate in the hand

31
Q

Name the 3 groups Intrinsic Hand Muscles are split into

A
  1. Thenar
  2. Hypothenar
  3. Intermediate (palmar)
32
Q

Name the 3 Thenar muscles (of the Thumb)

A
  1. Flexor pollicis Brevis
  2. Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  3. Opponents Pollicis
  4. Abductor Pollicis
33
Q

Name the 3 Hypothenar muscles (of the little finger)

A
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
  • Opponens Digiti Minimi
34
Q

Lumbrical muscles (intrinsic of the hand) are shaped like worms and go through the fingers, how many are there?

A

4

35
Q

Dorsal Interossei Muscles (fingers) are located between which bones of the hand?

how many are there?

A

Located on/between the metacarpals of the:
- Index finger
- Middle finger (2)
- Ring finger

There are 4

36
Q

Do Dorsal Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?

A

Abduct

37
Q

Do Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?

A

Adduct

38
Q

How many Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) are there? Where are they located?

A
  • 3

At metacarpals of:
- Little finger
- Ring
- Index

39
Q

Which part of the hand does “thenar” relate to?

A

the rounded ‘fleshy’ part of the hand at the base of the thumb

40
Q

Which part of the hand does “hypothenar” relate to?

A

the prominent part of the hand above the base of the little finger

41
Q

Below which fingers is the intermediate Palmar space?

A

ring and middle finger

42
Q

what movements are enabled at the wrist?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

43
Q

what movements are enabled at the thumb?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition/reposition

44
Q

what movements are enabled at the fingers?

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Foundations of OT practice (16 decks)

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