Muscles: Upper arm, forearm and hand Flashcards
where do most muscles that move the forearm cause flexion and extension at?
the elbow
Name the main (anterior) flexors for moving the radius and ulna (3)
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
Name the main (posterior) Extensors for the radius and ulna (2)
- Triceps brachii
- anconeus
Name the TWO heads of the Biceps Brachii
- Long head
- Short head
Name the THREE heads of the Triceps Brachii
- Long head
- Lateral head
- Medial head
Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in PRONATION
- Pronator Teres
- Pronator Quadratus
Name the two muscles of the forearm involved in SUPINATION
- Biceps Brachii
- Supinator
give some examples of activities where pronation, supination and mid-prone position positions are used
- typing on a keyboard (pronation)
- carrying a flat object (supination)
- holding a mug (mid-prone)
why are the muscles of the forearm that move the hand, thumb and fingers known as “extrinsic”
because they originate outside the hand but insert within it
how are extrinsic muscles of the hand divided?
into an anterior compartment group and a posterior compartment group
what is the name of the strong bands that hold the tendons of extrinsic hand muscles to the bone?
Retinacula
What are the two “compartments” that divide the forearm?
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
What is the typical role (flexor/extensor) of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexors
What is the name of the point in which muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from?
Common Flexor Origin
Name 3 examples of muscles found in the Anterior compartment of the forearm
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Palmaris Longus
which muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm allow us to grasp objects?
Those that run into the hand:
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexor Pollicis Longus
Digitorum refers to…
fingers
Pollicis refers to…
Thumb
Profundus means
deep
Superficialis means
superficial/surface level
when a muscle has the prefix “Flexor-“ it probably means it is located in which compartment of the forearm?
Anterior compartment of the forearm
when a muscle has the prefix “Extensor-“ it probably means it is muscle located in which compartment of the forearm?
Posterior compartment of the forearm
Where do muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from?
Common Extensor Origin
Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that insert only as far as the wrist
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand and attach to the fingers
(HINT: 3 finger, 3 thumb)
3 finger (basic extensor digitorum, indices, minimi)
○ Extensor digitorum
○ Extensor digitorum Indices
○ Extensor digiti minimi
3 thumb (short, long, abductor)
○ Extensor pollicis longus
○ Extensor pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
what is one of the main functions of muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm that run into the hand?
to release objects (by extension)
Which way are the metacarpals numbered? (lateral-medial or medial-lateral)
Lateral to medial
how many phalanges are there on one hand? describe their distribution between fingers and thumb
14:
2 in thumb, 3 in rest of each fingers
Name the joints in the hand
- Carpo-metacarpal
- Metacarpo-phalangeal
- Inter-phalangeal
Why are Muscles of the palm called “instrisic” muscles
because they originate in the hand
Name the 3 groups Intrinsic Hand Muscles are split into
- Thenar
- Hypothenar
- Intermediate (palmar)
Name the 3 Thenar muscles (of the Thumb)
- Flexor pollicis Brevis
- Abductor Pollicis Brevis
- Opponents Pollicis
- Abductor Pollicis
Name the 3 Hypothenar muscles (of the little finger)
- Flexor Digiti Minimi
- Abductor Digiti Minimi
- Opponens Digiti Minimi
Lumbrical muscles (intrinsic of the hand) are shaped like worms and go through the fingers, how many are there?
4
Dorsal Interossei Muscles (fingers) are located between which bones of the hand?
how many are there?
Located on/between the metacarpals of the:
- Index finger
- Middle finger (2)
- Ring finger
There are 4
Do Dorsal Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?
Abduct
Do Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) Abduct or Adduct?
Adduct
How many Palmar Interossei Muscles (intrinsic hand) are there? Where are they located?
- 3
At metacarpals of:
- Little finger
- Ring
- Index
Which part of the hand does “thenar” relate to?
the rounded ‘fleshy’ part of the hand at the base of the thumb
Which part of the hand does “hypothenar” relate to?
the prominent part of the hand above the base of the little finger
Below which fingers is the intermediate Palmar space?
ring and middle finger
what movements are enabled at the wrist?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
what movements are enabled at the thumb?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition/reposition
what movements are enabled at the fingers?
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
