MUSCLES of the TARSUS

Question 1

TARSAL EXTENSORS

Answer 1

1. m. gastrocnemius (caput lat. et med.)
2. m. tibialis caudalis
3. m. flexor digitorum superficialis
4. tendo accessorius
   (m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus, m. gracilis)

Question 2

TARSAL FLEXORS

Answer 2

1. m. tibialis cranialis
2. m. peroneus longus
3. m. peroneus brevis

Question 3

TENDO CALCANEUS COMMUNIS

Answer 3

1. Tendo m. gastrocnemii
2. Tendo plantaris (m. flex. dig. superf.)
   3 Tendo accessorius
   (m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus, m. gracilis)

Question 4

M. gastrocnemius

Answer 4

(caput lat. et med.)

O: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities
of femur
(inside their heads – caput mediale and laterale –
there are sesamoid /Vesalius/ bones, former: fabellae)

I: on tuber calcanei
(as a part of common calcaneal tendon)

A: flexes stifle, extends tarsus

EQ: M. TRICEPS SURAE

Question 5

M. tibialis caudalis

Answer 5

O: caudally on head of fibula
I: medially at tarsus it radiates into tarsal fascia
A: extends tarsus

Question 6

M. flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 6

O: fossa supracondylaris of femur, partly fused with m. gastrocnemius caput lateralis

I:
- its plantar tendon (tendo plantaris) turns from medial to lateral direction around common calcaneal tendon,
- on the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap
(galea calcanea),
- then finally attaches to middle phalanx of digits II-V. on plantar surface

A: flexes stifle, extends hock, flexes joints of digits II-V

Question 7

Tendo accessorius

Answer 7

Tendo calcaneus communis:

It comprise three main tendons:
1- tendo m. gastrocnemii [Achilli] (ex: m. gastrocnemius)
2- tendo plantaris (ex: m. extensor dig. superficialis)
3- TENDO ACCESSORIUS: from the following parts:
LATERAL: m. biceps femoris
MEDIAL: m. gracilis and m. semitendinosus

Between skin and tendo plantaris there is a protecting
bursa subcutanea calcanea,

between tendo plantaris and
tendo m. gastrocnemii bursa subtendinea calcanea, and

BETWEEN TENDO ACCESSORIUS and TENDO M. GASTROCNEMI = BURSA TENDINIS CALCANEA.

As tendo plantaris widens, it forms galea calcanea

A: STRONGEST EXTENSOR OF TARSUS

Question 8

M. tibialis cranialis

Answer 8

O: cranial margin of lateral condyle and crest of tibia
I: medial side on os tarsi I. and Mt I-II.
A: flexes tarsus

Question 9

M. peroneus longus

Answer 9

– also called: m. fibularis longus

O:
cranial margin of tibia’s lateral condyle,
head of fibula,
lateral collateral ligament

I: first attaches to os tarsi 4+5 (on its plantar surface),
then extends to ALL METATARSAL bones’ plantar base

A: flexes tarsus

EQ: M.PERONEUS TERTIUS

Question 10

M. peroneus brevis

Answer 10

– also called: m. fibularis brevis

O: laterally on distal third of fibula (and partly on tibia)

I: base of Mt. V.

A: flexes tarsus

EQ: M.PERONEUS TERTIUS

Question 11

TENDO CALCANEI COMMUNIS

Answer 11

It comprise three main tendons:

• tendo m. gastrocnemii [Achilli] (ex: m. gastrocnemius)
• tendo plantaris (ex: m. extensor dig. superficialis)
• tendo accessorius, from the following parts:

a- lateral: m. biceps femoris
b- medial: m. gracilis and m. semitendinosus

o Between SKIN and TENDO PLANTARIS
= a protecting BURSA SUBCUTANEA CALCANEA,

o Between TENDO PLANTARIS and TENDO M. GASTROCNEMI
= BURSA SUBTENTINEA CALCANEA.

o Between TENDO ACCESSORIUS and TENDO M. GASTROCNEMI
= BURSA TENDINIS CALCANEA

o As tendo plantaris widens –> GALEA CALCANEA

A: STRONGEST extensor of tarsus

Question 12

TENDO ACCESSOIRUS =

Answer 12

Semitendinosus,  Biceps femoris and Gracilis
\+ Achili: 
CA: Gastrocnemius
Un: Triceps Surae
\+ Plantare:
SSF
DDF
M.Tibialis Caudalis