MUSCLES of the STIFLE JOINT

Question 1

Muscles of the Stifle Joint

EXTENSORS

Answer 1

EXTENSORS

1. M. Quadriceps Femoris
2. M. Tensor Fascia Latae
3. M. Biceps femoris
4. M. Sartorius

Question 2

Muscles of the Stifle Joint

FLEXORS

Answer 2

FLEXORS

1. M. Abductor Cruris Caudalis
2. M. Semitendinosus
3. M. Semimembranosus
4. M. Gastrocnemius (ca), M. Triceps Surae (Eq)
5. M. Gracilis
6. M. Flexor digitorum Superficialis
7. M. Popliteum

Question 3

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
EXTENSORS: CRANIAL M. Of TIGH
1. M. Quadriceps Femoris

Answer 3

It has four muscle bellies.
O:
1. m. rectus femoris from body of ilium
(area m. recti femoris medialis et lat.),
the 3 VASTUS PROX on femur:
1. Vastus lateralis from its craniolateral,
2. Vastus medialis from its craniomedial and
3. Vastus intermedius from its cranial surface

I: patella, and by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity

A: STRONGEST extensor of stifle joint; m. rectus femoris also flexes hip

Question 4

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
EXTENSORS: CRANIAL M. Of tigh
2. M. Tensor Fascia Latae

Answer 4

O: tuber coxae
(cranial ventral iliac spine and spina alaris)

I: radiates into fascia lata and fascia cruris. Its superficial fascial layer covers thigh, deep fascial layer surrounds m. quadriceps femoris and attaches to femur

A: tenses fascia lata, flexes hip and extends stifle

Question 5

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
EXTENSORS
3. M. Biceps femoris

Answer 5

O:

• its cranial part on sacrotuberous ligament,
• caudal part on tuber ischiadicum

I: by means of fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, patellar ligament, and tibial tuberosity and tibial crest, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon

A: extends hip, and hock;

• its cranial part extends,
• caudal part flexes stifle

Question 6

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
EXTENSORS, MED+CRANIAL m. Of Tigh
4. M. Sartorius

Answer 6

In dogs it has a cranial and caudal part.
O: 
iliac crest, 
cranial ventral iliac spine, 
thoracolumbar fascia

I: radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia,
- cranial part inserts above stifle joint,
- caudal part inserts below stifle joint
(the latter medially reaches tibial crest)

A: flexes hip, extends or flexes stifle
(depending on which part contracts more

Question 7

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
1. M. Abductor Cruris Caudalis

Answer 7

O: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament

I: disappears in crural fascia on lateral side
(it runs first medial, then lateral to m. biceps femoris)

A: abducts hindlimb, flexes stifle

Question 8

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
2. M. Semitendinosus

Answer 8

O: tuber ischiadicum

I: tibial crest (medially),
and tuber calcanei by means of an accessory tendon

A: extends hip, flexes stifle and extends hock

Question 9

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
3. M. Semimembranosus

Answer 9

O: ventral aspect of tuber ischiadicum

I: cranial belly distally on medial lip and
medial condyle of femur, caudal muscle belly on medial condyle of tibia
(behind medial collateral ligament)

A: extends hip and flexes stifle joint

Question 10

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
4. M. Gastrocnemius (ca), M. Triceps Surae (Eq)

Answer 10

M. Gastrocnemius

O: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities
of femur
(inside their heads – caput mediale and laterale –
there are sesamoid /Vesalius/ bones, former: fabellae)

I: on tuber calcanei
(as a part of common calcaneal tendon)

A: flexes stifle, extends tarsus

M. Triceps Surae (Eq) + M.Solearis

O: med lat supracondylar tuberosity
I: Tubercalcanei

Question 11

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS: MEDIAL M. Of tigh
5. M. Gracilis

Answer 11

O: symphysis pelvis (by means of tendo symphysialis)

I: medially on tibial crest,
fascia cruris,
tuber calcanei
by an accessory tendon to common calcaneal tendon

A: adducts hindlimb, extends hip, flexes stifle, extends tarsus

Question 12

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
6. M. Flexor digitorum Superficialis

Answer 12

O: fossa supracondylaris of femur, partly fused with m. gastrocnemius caput lateralis

I:
- its plantar tendon (tendo plantaris) turns from medial to lateral direction around common calcaneal tendon,

• on the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap
  (galea calcanea),
• then finally attaches to middle phalanx of digits II-V.
• on plantar surface

A: flexes stifle, extends hock, flexes joints of digits II-V

Question 13

Muscles of the Stifle Joint
FLEXORS
7. M. Popliteum

Answer 13

O: fossa m. poplitei on lateral femoral condyle

I: it twists caudally under lig. collaterale laterale, then inserts caudally on proximal part of tibia,
on LINEA M. POPLITEI

A: flexes stifle, rotates leg medially

Question 14

MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE TIGH

Answer 14

1. m. sartorius 
(pars cranialis et caudalis)
2. m. gracilis 
3. m. adductor
4. m. pectineus

Question 15

CRANIAL M. OF TIGH

Answer 15

1. M. sartorius cranialis et caudalis
2. M. tensor fasciae latae
3. M. quadriceps femoris
   (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, intermedius et
   medialis)

Question 16

MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE TIGH

3. m. adductor

Answer 16

O:
- m. adductor LONGUS from
RAMUS CRANIALIS OSSIS PUBIS,
- m. adductor MAGNUS et BREVIS are arising from SYMPHISIS PELVIS (tendo symphysialis),
ramus caudalis ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischi

I: facies aspera and labium laterale of femur

A: adducts hindlimb and extends hip

Question 17

MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE TIGH

M. Pectineus

Answer 17

O: pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon

I: medial lip of rough surface on femoral shaft
(labium mediale ossis femoris, next to facies aspera)

A: adduction of thigh