Mm. cingulorum membri THORACICI et PELVINI

Question 1

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

Answer 1

SUPERFICIAL:

1. M.Trapezius
2. M. Sternocleidomastoideus
3. M.Omotransversarius
4. M.Latissimus Dorsi
5. M. Pectoralis superficialis

DEEP:

1. M. Pectoralis Profundus
2. M.Rhomboideus
3. M. Serratus Ventralis

Question 2

MUSCLES of PELVIC GIRDLE

Muscles + Intersp.

Answer 2

From Medial --> Lateral
Min --> Ilio --> Quadra
1. M.Psoas Minor (white)
2. M. Iliopsoas
- M.Psoas Major
- M. Iliacus
3. M. Quadratus Lumborum

M.Psoas Minor INSERTS on ? in:
EQ: Tuberculum m. psoas minoris
CA: Eminentia Iliopubica

Question 3

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

1. M. Trapezius

Answer 3

o O: between C3-Th9 region.
- pars cervicalis: RAPHE CERVICIS
- pars thoracica: from SUPRASPINOUS LIG.
o I:
- cervical part inserts on PROX ¾ of SPINA SCAPULAE
(distally there is the omotransversarius muscle);
- thoracic part inserts on PROX third of SPINA SCAPULAE
o A:
supports trunk,
elevates (lifts) forelimb,
draws it cranially

Question 4

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

2. M. Sternocleidomastoideus

Answer 4

It has two main parts:

1. M. sternocephalicus and
2. M. brachiocephalicus

o 1. M. STERNOCEPHALLICUS –> From sternum to head

O: MANUBRIUM sterni

I:

1. M. sternomastoideus: MASTOID part of temporal bone
2. M. sternooccipitalis: CRISTA NUCHEA of occipital bone

A:
UNILAT contraction draws HEAD and NECK to one side (latero-ventral flexion),
BILAT contraction draws HEAD down

o 2. M. BRACHIOCEPHALLICUS
->From humerus to Head+NECK

1. M. Cleidobrachialis:
   O: On distal CRANIAL surface of HUMERUS and CRISTA HUMERII,

I: on CLAVICULAR INTERSECTION

2. M. CleidoCEPHALLICUS
   O: on CLAVICULAR INTERSECTION
   I:
3. M. cleidomastoideus: MASTOID part of temporal bone
4. M. cleidocervicalis: RAPHE CERVICIS, over cranial half of neck

A:
- If forelimb is fixed =
UNILAT contraction of the muscle moves HEAD into the LATERAL direction,
BILAT contraction fixes HEAD and NECK (or bends downward).

• If limb is free (it’s in an elevated position), it will move FL –> CRANIALLY.

Question 5

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

3. M.Omotransversarius

Answer 5

o O: distal part of SPINA SCAPULAE,
then runs UNDER M. STERNOCLEIDO MASTOIDEUS

o I: caudal border of ALA ATLANTIS

o A:

• if limb is FREE: draws SHOULDER cranially;
• if limb is FIXED: flexes NECK laterally

Question 6

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

Which muscle runs over the M. Omotransversarius?

Answer 6

M. STERNOCLEIDO MASTOIDEUS

Question 7

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

4. M.Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 7

o O: SUPERF. layer of THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA
(from spinous processes of the last 7-8 thoracic
and lumbar vertebrae); also muscular attachment
proximally to the last few ribs

o I: TUBEROSITAS TERES MAJOR
(together with m. teres major)

o A: draws FREE limb CAUDALLY;
together with m. teres major FLEXES SHOULDER

Question 8

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

5. M. Pectoralis superficialis

Answer 8

It has two parts:

1. M. Pectoralis descendens and
2. M. Pectoralis Transversus

o O:

1. M. pectoralis descendens: from MANUBRIUM sterni,
2. M. pectoralis transversus from 1-3rd STERNEBRAES

o I: CRISTA TUBERCULI MAJOR of humerus, upper part of crista humeri

o A:

• ventral connection to forelimb,
• adduction,
• draws limb cranially or caudally depending its position

Question 9

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

1. M. Pectoralis Profundus

Answer 9

Also called: m. pectoralis ascendens

o O: ALL sternebrae of STERNUM and COSTAL CARTILLAGES of TRUE ribs

o I: main part inserts on MINOR TUBERCLE of humerus
(A small APONEUROSIS joins to MAJOR TUBERCLE)

o A:
- supports trunk, 
- behaving as a strong RETRACTOR (draws limb caudally)
and 
- ADDUCTOR of FL

Question 10

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

2. M. Rhomboideus

Answer 10

O:
CRISTA NUCHEA of occipital bone (PARS CAPITIS);
From RAPHE CERVIVIS –> spinous processes of Th1-3 vertebrae (PARS CERVICIS);
and from processus spinosus of
Th4-7 vertebrae (pars thoracis)

o I: dorsomedial border of SCAPULAE

o A:

• Elevates limb and
• Pulls base of scapula against trunk forwards or backwards (depending on which part will contract more)

Question 11

MUSCLES OF THORACIC GIRDLE

3. M.Serratus Ventralis

Answer 11

O:

• CERVICAL part: from PROC. TRANSVERSUS of C2-7,
• THORACIC part from middle of ribs 1-8.

I: FACIES SERRATA on scapula (medially)

A: 
- supports trunk, 
- helps at inspiration,
- carries shoulder cranial or caudal with respect
to position of forelimb

Question 12

MUSCLES of PELVIC GIRDLE

1. PSOAS MINOR

Answer 12

O: bodies of last few THORACIC and 1-5th LUMBAR vertebrae; mainly TENDINOUS

I: LINEA ARCUATA of iliac bone,
near to iliopubic eminence

A:
If VERTEBRAL COLLUMN is fixed:
- draws pelvis into a deeper position.

When PELVIS is fixed:
arches LUMBAR region and flexes VERT.COLLUMN

Question 13

MUSCLES of PELVIC GIRDLE

2. M. Iliopsoas

Answer 13

It has two parts:

1. M. psoas major and
2. M. iliacus medialis et lateralis

O:
1. M. psoas major:
- Starts VENTRALLY from BODIES and
TRANSVERSE PROCESS of lumbar vertebrae,

2. the two M.Iliacus medialis et lateralis:
   - Arising between LINEA ARCUATA and LAT.BORDER of iliac bone

I: TOGETHER on TROCHANTER MINOR of femur (medially)

A:
Draws pelvic limb forward by FLEXING the HIP;
- When femur is fixed:
Flexion and Fixation of vertebral column

Question 14

MUSCLES of PELVIC GIRDLE

3. M. Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 14

O:

• 11-13th thoracic vertebra ventrally,
• last two ribs,
• lumbar vertebra’s transverse processes

I: medial surface of iliac wing
(between articular surface and cranial ventral iliac spine of tuber coxae)

Action:
Fixation and DORSAL Flexion of vertebral column

Question 15

CANALIS FEMORALIS

Answer 15

= Channel, where femoral vessels and nerves go towards hindlimb.

Its opening from abdominal cavity,
underneath inguinal ligament is the
femoral ring (ANULUS FEMORALIS ).

Femoral triangle forms its borders:

1. M. sartorius pars caudalis (rostral),
2. M. Pectineus (caudal),
3. Lig. inguinale (proximal),
4. M. iliopsoas (medial),
5. Femoral fascia (lateral)

Space under inguinal ligament - before canalis femoralis starts - can be divided into:

1. Lacuna vasorum (for femoral vessels) and
2. Lacuna musculorum (for m. iliopsoas).

Question 16

CANALIS INGUINALIS

Answer 16

The inguinal channel in MALE dogs serves passageway for SPERMATIC CHORD (inside tunica vaginalis),
it goes through the channel towards scrotum to reach testicles;

In female dogs the PROCESSUS VAGINALIS contains just a little amount of FATTY TISSUE

It has an inner and an outer opening between muscles:

Deep and superficial inguinal ring (anulus inguinalis). Since the two opening is not on the same level, they are not overlap each other: thus this “VIRITUALl” space between muscles, which leads from one opening to the other (filled with loose connective tissue), called SPATIUM INGUINALE

o ANULIS INGUINALIS SUPERFICIALIS is bordered by
1. Crus mediale (or lamina abdominalis) and
2. Crus laterale (lamina pelvina) from
M. obliquus externus abdominis

o ANULUS INGUINALIS PROFUNDUS is bordered by

1. rostral: m. obliquus internus abdominis
2. caudal: inguinal ligament
3. medial: m. rectus abdominis