Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards
Which muscles move the head and anterior neck?
- Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - manubrium and clavicle
- Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) - vertebrae
- Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis - SPs of upper T/S and C/S
Which muscles move the head, neck and trunk?
- Spinalis Capitis, Spinalis Cervicis, and Spinalis Thoracis - SPs of the T/S and C/S
- Longissimus Capitis, Longissimus Cervicis, and Longissimus Thoracis - TVPS of the L/5, WS and upper C/S
- Iliocostalis Cervicis, Iliocostalis Thoracis, Iliocostalis Lumborum - iliac crest and angles of the ribs
- Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis - TVPs of the T/S and C/S
- External Oblique - superficial surfaces of the lower ribs
- Rectus Abdominis - pubic crest and pubic symphysis
- Internal Oblique - iliac crest and inguinal ligament
- Quadratus Lumborum (QL) - iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Which muscles are involved in respiration?
External Intercostals - inferior border of each rib
Internal Intercostals - superior border of each rib
Which muscles support the abdominopelvic organs?
Transverse Abdominis - iliac crest, inguinal ligaments, thoracolumbar fascia, deep surfaces of lower ribs
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Sternocleidomastoid.
O: manubrium of the sternum and medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of superior nuchal line
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the head and neck | bilateral - extends head, flexes neck, and elevates sternum (forced inspiration)
I: CN XI
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Scalenes.
O: TVP of the mid-cervical vertebrae
I: superior surfaces of rib 1 (posterior/middle) and rib 2 (posterior)
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the neck | bilateral - flexes the neck and elevates ribs 1-2 (forced inspiration)
I: cervical spinal nerve
Which muscles are part of the splenius (SP-TVPS) group?
Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis.
O: SPs of the upper T/S and C/S
I: TVPs of upper C/S and occipital bone and mastoid process (capitis)
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the head and neck | bilateral - extends head and neck
I: regional spinal nerves
Which muscles are part of the erector spinae group?
- Spinalis Capitis, Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis
- Longissimus Capitis, Longissimus Cervicis, Longissimus Thoracis
- Iliocostalis Cervicis, Iliocostalis Thoracis, Iliocostalis Lumborum
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Spinalis Capitis, Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis.
O: SPs of T/S and C/S
I: SPs of the T/S and C/s and occipital bone
A: unilateral - lateral flexion of the head, neck and trunk | bilateral - extends the head, neck and trunk
I: regional spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Longissimus Capitis, Longissimus Cervicis, Longissimus Thoracis .
O: TVPs of the L/5, W5 and upper C/S
I: TVPs of the T/S and C/S and mastoid process
A: unilateral - lateral flexion of head, neck, trunk | bilateral - extends head, neck and trunk
I: regional spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Iliocostalis Cervicis, Iliocostalis Thoracis, Iliocostalis Lumborum.
O: Iliac crest and angles of the ribs
I: angles of the ribs and TVPs of C/S
A: unilateral - lateral flexion of the neck and trunk | bilateral - extends the neck and trunk
I: regional spinal nerves
Which muscles are a part of the Semispinalis group (TVPS-SP)?
Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Semispinalis Capitis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis.
O: TVPs of the T/S and C/S
I: SPs of the T/S and C/S and occipital bone
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the head, neck and trunk | bilateral - extends the head, neck and trunk
I: regional spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Diaphragm.
O: xiphoid process, deep surfaces of ribs 7-12 (+their costal cartilages) and anterior surfaces of the L/S
I: central tendon
A: increase the size of the thoracic cavity
I: phrenic nerve
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the External Intercostals.
O: inferior border of each rib
I: superior border of the rib below
A: increase the sides of thoracic cavity (elevates the inferior rib)
I: thoracic spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Internal Intercostals.
O: superior border of each rub
I: inferior border above the rib above
A: decreases the size of the thoracic cavity (draws the ribs together)
I: thoracic spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the External Oblique.
O: superficial surfaces of the lower ribs
I: iliac crest and linea alba
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the trunk | bilateral - compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk
I: lower thoracic spinal nerves, iliohypogastric nerve
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Internal Oblique.
O: iliac crest, inguinal ligament and the thoracolumbar fascia
I: inferior border of lower ribs and linea
aspera
A: unilateral - lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the trunk | bilateral - compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk
I: lower thoracic spinal nerves and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Transverse Abdominis.
O: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, deep surfaces of lower ribs
I: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis
A: compresses the abdomen
I: lower thoracic spinal nerves, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Rectus Abdominis.
O: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: costal cartilages 5-7 and the xiphoid process
A: compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk
I: lower thoracic spinal nerves
Describe the origins (o), insertions (I), actions (a), and innervations (I) of the Quadratus Lumborum.
O: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
I: inferior border of the rib 12 and TVPs of L1-L4
A: unilateral - lateral flexion of the trunk | bilateral - extend the trunk
I: 12th thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve
Which cranial nerve muscles innervates the muscles of the facial expression?
Innervated by CN VII (“facial nerve”)
Which cranial nerve muscles innervates the muscles that move the eye?
Innervated by CN III, CN IV, and CN VI
