Muscles of the Head

Question 1

Definition of a muscle’s origin:

Answer 1

Usually the non-moving bone

Question 2

Definition of a muscle’s insertion:

Answer 2

The part being moved by the muscle

Question 3

Most muscle attachments are

Answer 3

indirect muscle attachments

Question 4

Types of indirect muscle attachments

Answer 4

Tendons and aponeuroses

Question 5

What is an aponeurosis?

Answer 5

A sheet-like membrane

Question 6

What are the 4 basic fascicle arrangements?

Answer 6

Parallel, Circular, Convergent, Pennate

Question 7

What are the 2 types of parallel fascicle arrangements?

Answer 7

Straplike and Fusiform

Question 8

What is an example of a muscle with a straplike fascicle arrangement?

Answer 8

Sartorius

Question 9

What is an example of a muscle with a fusiform fascicle arrangement?

Answer 9

Biceps Brachii

Question 10

What is a fusiform fascicle arrangement?

Answer 10

The muscle is thicker in the middle, and the ends are more tapered

Question 11

What is an example of a muscle with a circular fascicle arrangement?

Answer 11

Orbicularis Oris

Question 12

What are the 3 types of pennate fascicle arrangement?

Answer 12

Unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate

Question 13

What is a pennate fascicle arrangement?

Answer 13

Shaped like a feather

Question 14

What is an example of a muscle with a unipennate fascicle arrangement?

Answer 14

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Question 15

What is an example of a muscle with a bipennate fascicle arrangement?

Answer 15

Rectus Femoris

Question 16

What is an example of a muscle with a mutipennate fascicle arrangement?

Answer 16

Deltoid

Question 17

What is an example of a muscle with a convergent fascicle arrangement?

Answer 17

Pectoralis Major

Question 18

What are the 3 functional groups of muscle?

Answer 18

Prime movers, synergists, and antagonists

Question 19

What is the function of a prime mover?

Answer 19

It is the muscle mainly responsible for a specific movement

Question 20

What is the function of a synergist?

Answer 20

Muscles that help the prime mover

Question 21

What are the 2 ways in which synergists help prime movers?

Answer 21

A) they promote the same movement
B) they reduce undesirable movements

Question 22

What is the function of an antagonist?

Answer 22

A) provides resistance for a specific movement
B) controls movement in the other direction

Question 23

What is the epicranius?

Answer 23

The main muscle of the scalp

Question 24

What are the 2 parts of the epicranius?

Answer 24

The frontal belly and the occipital belly

Question 25

What is the function of the frontal belly?

Answer 25

Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

Question 26

What is the function of the occipital belly?

Answer 26

Fixes the aponeurosis and pulls the scalp posteriorly

Question 27

What is the location of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 27

surrounds the rim of the orbit

Question 28

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 28

Protects eyes from light by producing blinking, squinting, and drawing the eyebrows down

Question 29

What is the function of the zygomaticus?

Answer 29

Controls smiling

Question 30

What is the origin of the zygomaticus?

Answer 30

Zygomatic bone

Question 31

What is the insertion of the zygomaticus?

Answer 31

The mouth

Question 32

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 32

Closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

Question 33

What is the function of the mentalis?

Answer 33

Protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the chin

Question 34

What is the origin of the mentalis?

Answer 34

The mandible

Question 35

What is the insertion of the mentalis?

Answer 35

The chin

Question 36

What is special about the mentalis?

Answer 36

The muscle is a v-shaped pair

Question 37

Where is the buccinator located?

Answer 37

Deep to the masseter

Question 38

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 38

whistling, sucking, holding food in place while chewing

Question 39

In which case is the buccinator an extremely important muscle?

Answer 39

In nursing infants

Question 40

What is the origin of the buccinator?

Answer 40

The mandible/maxilla

Question 41

What is the insertion of the buccinator?

Answer 41

The orbicularis oris

Question 42

What is the function of the platysma?

Answer 42

Helps depress the mandible and tense the skin of the neck

Question 43

What is the origin of the platysma?

Answer 43

The fascia of the chest

Question 44

What is the insertion of the platysma?

Answer 44

The mandible

Question 45

What are the 3 muscles that move the tongue?

Answer 45

Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus

Question 46

What is the function of the genioglossus?

Answer 46

Prime mover of tongue protrusion, anchors the tongue to prevent obstruction of respiration

Question 47

What is the function of the styloglossus?

Answer 47

Retracts and elevates the tongue

Question 48

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

Answer 48

Depresses the tongue, especially the lateral margins

Question 49

What are the muscles involved in mastication?

Answer 49

Masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, buccinator

Question 50

What is the function of the masseter?

Answer 50

It is the prime mover of jaw closure

Question 51

What is the function of the temporalis?

Answer 51

Elevates and retracts the mandible (closes jaw) and maintains closed jaw at rest

Question 52

What is the function of the pterygoid muscles?

Answer 52

Additional jaw movements (ex. side to side grinding)

Question 53

What is the function of the buccinator during mastication?

Answer 53

Compresses the cheek to help keep food between grinding surfaces of teeth when chewing