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ANP 1111 > Muscles of the Head > Flashcards

Muscles of the Head Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a muscle’s origin:

A

Usually the non-moving bone

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2
Q

Definition of a muscle’s insertion:

A

The part being moved by the muscle

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3
Q

Most muscle attachments are

A

indirect muscle attachments

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4
Q

Types of indirect muscle attachments

A

Tendons and aponeuroses

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5
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A sheet-like membrane

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6
Q

What are the 4 basic fascicle arrangements?

A

Parallel, Circular, Convergent, Pennate

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of parallel fascicle arrangements?

A

Straplike and Fusiform

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8
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a straplike fascicle arrangement?

A

Sartorius

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9
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a fusiform fascicle arrangement?

A

Biceps Brachii

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10
Q

What is a fusiform fascicle arrangement?

A

The muscle is thicker in the middle, and the ends are more tapered

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11
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a circular fascicle arrangement?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of pennate fascicle arrangement?

A

Unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate

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13
Q

What is a pennate fascicle arrangement?

A

Shaped like a feather

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14
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a unipennate fascicle arrangement?

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

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15
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a bipennate fascicle arrangement?

A

Rectus Femoris

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16
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a mutipennate fascicle arrangement?

A

Deltoid

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17
Q

What is an example of a muscle with a convergent fascicle arrangement?

A

Pectoralis Major

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18
Q

What are the 3 functional groups of muscle?

A

Prime movers, synergists, and antagonists

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19
Q

What is the function of a prime mover?

A

It is the muscle mainly responsible for a specific movement

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20
Q

What is the function of a synergist?

A

Muscles that help the prime mover

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21
Q

What are the 2 ways in which synergists help prime movers?

A

A) they promote the same movement
B) they reduce undesirable movements

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22
Q

What is the function of an antagonist?

A

A) provides resistance for a specific movement
B) controls movement in the other direction

23
Q

What is the epicranius?

A

The main muscle of the scalp

24
Q

What are the 2 parts of the epicranius?

A

The frontal belly and the occipital belly

25
Q

What is the function of the frontal belly?

A

Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

26
Q

What is the function of the occipital belly?

A

Fixes the aponeurosis and pulls the scalp posteriorly

27
Q

What is the location of the orbicularis oculi?

A

surrounds the rim of the orbit

28
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Protects eyes from light by producing blinking, squinting, and drawing the eyebrows down

29
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus?

A

Controls smiling

30
Q

What is the origin of the zygomaticus?

A

Zygomatic bone

31
Q

What is the insertion of the zygomaticus?

32
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

33
Q

What is the function of the mentalis?

A

Protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the chin

34
Q

What is the origin of the mentalis?

A

The mandible

35
Q

What is the insertion of the mentalis?

36
Q

What is special about the mentalis?

A

The muscle is a v-shaped pair

37
Q

Where is the buccinator located?

A

Deep to the masseter

38
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A

whistling, sucking, holding food in place while chewing

39
Q

In which case is the buccinator an extremely important muscle?

A

In nursing infants

40
Q

What is the origin of the buccinator?

A

The mandible/maxilla

41
Q

What is the insertion of the buccinator?

A

The orbicularis oris

42
Q

What is the function of the platysma?

A

Helps depress the mandible and tense the skin of the neck

43
Q

What is the origin of the platysma?

A

The fascia of the chest

44
Q

What is the insertion of the platysma?

A

The mandible

45
Q

What are the 3 muscles that move the tongue?

A

Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus

46
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

Prime mover of tongue protrusion, anchors the tongue to prevent obstruction of respiration

47
Q

What is the function of the styloglossus?

A

Retracts and elevates the tongue

48
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

A

Depresses the tongue, especially the lateral margins

49
Q

What are the muscles involved in mastication?

A

Masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, buccinator

50
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

It is the prime mover of jaw closure

51
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible (closes jaw) and maintains closed jaw at rest

52
Q

What is the function of the pterygoid muscles?

A

Additional jaw movements (ex. side to side grinding)

53
Q

What is the function of the buccinator during mastication?

A

Compresses the cheek to help keep food between grinding surfaces of teeth when chewing

ANP 1111 (7 decks)

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