Bones of the Head and Face Flashcards
The vault forms which aspects of the skull?
Superior, lateral, posterior aspects of the skull and forehead
The base forms which aspect of the skull?
Inferior aspect of the skull
What are the names of the cranial bones?
Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, Sphenoid, Temporal, Ethmoid
What does it mean when cranial bones are paired?
There is one on each side of the skull
What is the function of the curvature of cranial bones?
Allows them to be self-bracing, and allows them to be quite strong while being quite thin
What is the function of the frontal bone?
Forms the roof of the orbits, contributes to the anterior cranial fossa
What does the frontal bone articulate with?
Paired parietal bones (posteriorly)
What is the function of the parietal bones?
Form the superior and lateral aspects of the skull, therefore form the bulk of the cranial vault
What is the function of the occipital bone?
Helps form posterior aspect of the skull, forms walls of the posterior cranial fossa
What does the occipital bone attach to?
Parietal bones, temporal bones, sphenoid bone
What is the name of the large hole at the base of the occipital bone?
Foramen Magnus (large hole)
Where are the occipital condyles?
On either side of the foramen magnum
What is the function of the occipital condyles?
Site of articulation with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
What is the external occipital protuberance?
A bony projection at the back of the skull, more prominent in males
What is the function of the temporal bones?
Form the inferior and lateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor
What are the 3 parts of the temporal bones?
Squamous part, petrous part, tympanic part
What are some important areas on the petrous part of the temporal bones?
Mastoid process, styloid process
What is an important area of the squamous part of the temporal bones?
Zygomatic process
What is the mastoid process?
An attachment site for some neck muscles
What is the styloid process?
An attachment site for muscles of the tongue and some neck muscles
What is the function of the squamous part of the temporal bones?
forms zygomatic process to the cheekbone, and the mandibular fossa receives the condyle of the mandible
What is the function of the tympanic part of the temporal bones?
Surrounds external acoustic meatus
What is the function of the petrous part of the temporal bone?
Contributes to the cranial base, houses middle and inner ear cavities
What are the foramina associated with the temporal bone?
Jugular foramen, carotid canal, internal acoustic meatus
The sphenoid bone articulates with:
All other cranial bones
The sphenoid bone forms the:
Base of the middle cranial fossa, contributes to the base of the anterior cranial fossa
What are the projections of the sphenoid bone?
Greater wings, lesser wings, pterygoid process
What is the optic foramina?
A passageway for optic nerves
What is the superior orbital fissure?
Located between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, a passageway for cranial nerves for eye movement
What is the shape of the ethmoid bone?
It approximates a cube
Where is the ethmoid bone?
Deep between the orbits and nasal cavities
what is the function of the cribriform plate?
Forms roof of nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
What is a feature of the cribriform plate?
It has olfactory foramina
What are olfactory foramina?
Tiny holes that transmit olfactory nerves
What is the function of the perpendicular plate?
Projects inferiorly to contribute to the nasal septum
What is the function of the crista galli?
Projects superiorly to attach to the dura mater of the brain
Lateral masses of the ethmoid bone contain:
Ethmoid sinuses
Medially, the ethmoid bone has:
Superior and middle nasal conchae
Laterally, the ethmoid bone has:
Orbital plates which contribute to the medial wall of the orbits
The coronal suture unites the:
Frontal bone and 2 parietal bones
The squamous suture unites the:
Parietal bone and temporal bone
The lambdoid suture unites the:
Occipital bone and 2 parietal bones
The sagittal suture unites the:
2 parietal bones
What are sutural bones?
Tiny irregular bones that occur within a cranial suture. They are additional ossification centers that appeared rapidly during fetal development
What are the PAIRED facial bones?
Maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior conchae
What are the UNPAIRED facial bones?
Mandible and vomer
What is the mandible?
Lower jawbone, strongest and largest bone of the face
What is the body of the mandible?
horizontal part of the bone, contains the chin, left and right rami join body at the mandibular angle
The majority of the hard palate is formed by the:
Maxillary bones
The anterior 2/3 of the hard palate is formed by the:
Palatine processes projecting posteriorly
The zygomatic bones articulate with:
The zygomatic process of the maxilla, frontal, and temporal bones
The zygomatic bones contribute to the:
Inferolateral margins of the orbits
What are nasal bones?
2 small rectangular bones that fuse medially to form the bridge of the nose
The nasal bones articulate superiorly with the:
Frontal bone
The nasal bones articulate laterally with the:
Maxillary bones
What are lacrimal bones?
2 fingernail shaped bones in the anterior medial portion of the orbit
The lacrimal bones articulate with the:
Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, maxillae
What is a lacrimal fossa?
A small depression that holds a lacrimal sac
What bones contribute to the orbits?
Zygomatic, frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, palatine (orbital process)
What are the palatine bones?
2 L-shaped bones that form the hard palate, nasal cavity, and orbit
The horizontal plate of the palatine bone forms:
Part of the hard palate (posterior 1/3)
The vertical plate of the palatine bone forms:
The nasal cavity and orbit
What is the vomer?
A single thin bone that forms the nasal septum
What are the inferior nasal conchae?
Thin, curved bones that project medially
FITB: The inferior nasal conchae are the ___ of 3 pairs of conchae
Largest
Which bones contribute to the paranasal sinus?
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
Lighten the skull, enhance resonance of the voice, warm and humidify incoming air
What allows the paranasal sinuses to warm and humidify incoming air?
Because they are connected to the nasal cavity
