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Gross Anatomy > Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Rhomboid Minor:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and T1.
  • Distal Attachment: Medial border of scapula
  • Action: Fix scapula to thoracic wall, retract and rotate scapula to depress glenoid fossa
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
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2
Q

Rhomboid Major:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Spinous processes of T2-T5
  • Distal Attachment: Medial border of scapula (below spine of scapula)
  • Action: Fixes scapula to thoracic wall; retracts and rotates scapula to depress glenoid fossa
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
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3
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3.
  • Distal Attachment: 2nd to 4th ribs
  • Action: Elevate ribs
  • Innervation: Ventral rami
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4
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Spinous processes of T11-L2
  • Distal Attachment: Ribs 9-12
  • Action: Depress ribs
  • Innervation: Ventral rami
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5
Q

Splenius Capitis:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3.
  • Distal Attachment: Mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone.
  • Action: Bilaterally: Extend head and neck; Unilaterally: Laterally flexes and rotates face to same side
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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6
Q

Splenius cervicis:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Spinous process of T3-T6
  • Distal Attachment: Transverse processes of C1-C3
  • Action: Bilaterally: Extend neck; Unilaterally: Laterally flexes and rotates neck toward same side
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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7
Q

Erector Spinae:

Sections

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Sections: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
  • Proximal Attachment: Iliac crest, sacrum
  • Distal Attachment:
    • Iliocostalis - Angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
    • longissimus - Ribs (b/w tubercles and angles), transverse processes of T and C regions, and mastoid process
    • spinalis - Spinous processes from upper T and mid C regions to skull
  • Action: Extends and laterally bends veterebral column and head
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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8
Q

Semispinalis capitis:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Tendons from transverse processes of C7-T6 or T7
  • Distal Attachment: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
  • Action: Extension of head
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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9
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

Action

Innervation

A
  • Action: Extension of vertebral column (neck)
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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10
Q

Trapezius:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

Blood Supply

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
  • Distal Attachment: Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
  • Action: Elevates, retracts, rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula
  • Innervation: CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
  • Blood Supply: Transverse cervical artery
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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

Blood Supply

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, last three ribs
  • Distal Attachment: Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
  • Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
  • Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
  • Blood Supply: Thoracodorsal artery
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12
Q

Levator scapulae:

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

Blood supply

A
  • Proximal Attachement: Transverse processes of C1-C4
  • Distal Attachment: Medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine
  • Action: Elevate scapula medially
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), ventral rami
  • Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery
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13
Q

Suboccipital Triangle

Muscle boundaries

Contains

A

Rectus capitis posterior major

Obliquus capitis superior

Obliquus capitis inferior (does not attach to skull)

Contains: Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus)

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14
Q

Semispinalis

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Transverse process of C4-T12 (spans 4-6)
  • Distal Attachment: Spinous process of cervical and thoracic regions
  • Action: Extends head, neck, and thorax and rotates them to opposite side
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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15
Q

Multifidus

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Sacrum, illium, transverse processes of T1-T12
  • Distal Attachment: Spinous processes of superior vertebrae, spans 2-4 vertebrae
  • Action: Stabilizes spine
  • Innervation: Dorsal rami
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16
Q

Rotatores

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Action

Innervation

A
  • Proximal Attachment: Transverse processes of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions
  • Distal Attachment: Lamina and transverse process of spine above (spans 1-2 vertebrae)
  • Action: Extension and rotation of vertebral column
  • Innervation: Dorsa rami

Gross Anatomy (21 decks)

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