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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Exam 4 Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Temporal Fossa

  • Where is it?
  • What separates it from infratemporal fossa?
  • What does it contain?
A
  • Shallow depression surrounded by superior and inferior temporal lines that funnels inferiorly to pass below zygomatic arch and ends at base of skull.
  • Infratemporal crest separates it from infratemporal fossa
  • Contains temporalis muscle
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2
Q

Boundaries of Infratemporal Fossa

  • Features in each boundary
A
  • Superior: Greater wing of sphenoid & squamous temporal bones
    • Features: Foramen ovale & foramen spinosum
  • Inferior: Open, filled by medial pterygoid muscle
  • Medial: Lateral pterygoid plate
    • Features: Pterygomaxillary fissure (b/w medial and anterior walls)
  • Lateral: Ramus and condyle of mandible
    • Features: Lingula, mandibular foramen & canal
  • Anterior: Posterior maxilla
    • Features: Alveolar foramina
  • Posterior: not bony
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3
Q

Conents of infratemporal fossa

A
  • Inferior portion of temporalis muscle
  • Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
  • Maxillary arteries and its branches
  • Pterygoid venous plexus
  • Branches of CN V3
  • Chorda tympani (off CN VII)
  • Otic ganglion
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4
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

  • What are its articular surfaces?
  • What are its ligaments and what are their functions?
  • What are the movements of its joint cavities?
  • What is its innervation?
  • What is its blood supply?
A
  • Articular surfaces: Mandibular condyle/head (inferior) (Light blue), Articular tubercle of temporal bone (superior) (Lime green), Mandibular fossa of temporal bone (superior) (Purple)
  • Ligaments:
    • Lateral ligament of TMJ (Orange): Prevents posterior & inferior dislocation of joint
    • Articular disc (White): Between condyle and mandibular fossa
    • Stylomandibular ligament (Sky blue): Does not significantly contribute to joint strength
    • Sphenomandibular ligament (Pink): Primary passive support of mandible; Checks movement of mandible at TMJ
  • Joint cavities:
    • Upper: Translatory (gliding) movements
    • Lower: Hinge movement
  • Innervation: Auriculotemporal nerve (primarily); Anterior portion by nerve to masseter
  • Blood supply: Superficial temporal artery (primarily); Anterior portion by branches from muscular branches of maxillary artery
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5
Q

Temporalis Muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia
  • Distal Attachment: Medial aspect of coronoid process and anteromedial ramus of mandible
  • Action: Bilaterally, anterior fibers maintain resting tonus in upright position and elevation of mandible
    • Bilateral posterior fibers are primary retractors of mandible
  • Innervation: CN V3
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6
Q

Clicking of TMJ

  • What causes it?
A
  • Minor disc displacement
  • Osteoarthritis
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7
Q

Masseter Muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Inferior border of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mandible and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
  • Action: Bilateral movements produce elevation of mandible and protrusion
  • Innervation: CN V3
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8
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superior head from inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid; Inferior head arises from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  • Distal Attachment: Superior head inserts on articular capsule, articular disc, and pterygoid fovea; Inferior head inserts onto pterygoid fovea on anterior aspect of condylar neck
  • Action: Bilaterally, results in protrusion of mandible and depression of mandible
    • Unilaterally, moves mandible to opposite side (contralateral excursion)
  • Innervation: CN V3
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9
Q

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Deep head from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate; Superficial head arises form tuberosity of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Medial surface of mandible
  • Action: Bilaterally, elevation of mandible & contributes to protrusion
    • Unilaterally, moves mandible to opposite side (contralateral excursion)
  • Innervation: CN V3
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10
Q

Which muscles cause the following movements:

  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Protrusion
  • Retrusion
  • Right lateral movements
  • Left lateral movements
A
  • Elevation: Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
  • Depression: Gravity, lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, platysma
  • Protrusion: Masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
  • Retrusion: Temporalis, geniohyoid, digastrics
  • Right lateral movements: Left medial pterygoid, left lateral pterygoid
  • Left lateral movements: Right medial pterygoid, right lateral pterygoid
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11
Q

First Part of Maxillary Artery

  • Where is it?
  • Branches and what they supply
A
  • Arises posterior to neck of mandible
  • Branches:
    • Deep auricular artery: Supplies external acoustic meatus and lateral tympanic membrane
    • Anterior tympanic artery: Supplies middle ear cavity
    • Middle meningeal artery: Supplies dura mater & calvaria (via forament spinosum)
    • Accessory middle meningeal artery: Supplies dura mater & calvaria (via foramen spinosum)
    • Inferior alveolar artery: Supplies mandible & teeth (via mandibular foramen & canal) and gives off mental artery
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12
Q

Second Part of Maxillary Artery

  • Where is it located?
  • What are its branches and what do they supply?
A
  • Passes anteriorly either superficial or deep to lateral pterygoid muscle
  • Branches:
    • Deep temporal arteries (ant. & post.): Supply temporalis muscle
    • Pterygoid arteries: Supply lateral & medial pterygoid muslces
    • Artery to masseter: Supplies masseter muscle (deep surface)
    • Buccal artery: Supplies buccinator muscle
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13
Q

Third Part of Maxillary Artery

  • Where is it located?
  • What are its branches and what do they supply?
A
  • Courses through pterygomaxillary fissure to enter pterygopalatine fossa
  • Branches:
    • Posterior superior alveolar artery: Supplies maxillary molar & premolar teeth, maxillary sinus & posterior superior gingivae
    • Infra-orbital artery: Supplies inferior eyelid, lacrimal sac, side of nose, & upper lip
    • Descending palatine artery: Supplies maxillary gingivae, palatine glands, palate of mouth
    • Artery of pterygoid canal: Supplies superior part of pharynx
    • Pharyngeal artery: Supplies roof of pharynx, sphenoidal sinus
    • Sphenopalatine artery: Terminal branch of maxillary artery, supplies lateral nasal wall & nasal septum
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14
Q

Pterygoid Venous Plexus

  • Where is it?
  • What does it communicate with?
A
  • Located between temporal and pterygoid muscles
  • Communicates with facial vein, cavernous sinus, pharyngeal plexus, retromandibular vein, and inferior ophthalmic vein
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15
Q

Somatic motor branches of mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)

  • What do they supply?
A
  • Deep temporal nerves (anterior, middle, & posterior): Supply temporalis muscle
  • Masseteric nerve: Passes through mandibular notch to supply masseter muscle
  • Nerve to lateral pterygoid: Supplies lateral pterygoid
  • Nerve to medial pterygoid: Supplies medial pterygoid
  • Nerve to tensor tympani: Supplies tensor tympani muscle
  • Nerve to tensor veli palatine: Supplies tensor veli palatini muscle
  • Nerve to mylohyoid: Supplie mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric muscles (branch off inferior alveolar nerve)
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16
Q

Somatic sensory branches of mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)

  • What do they supply?
A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve: Supplies sensory fibers to TMJ, anterior ear (auricle & external meatus), anterior surface of tympanic membrane, & temporal region
  • Inferior alveolar nerve: Supplies sensory fibers to mandibular teeth
    • Gives off mental nerve to supply skin & mucous membranes of lower lip, skin of cheek, & vestibular gingiva of mandibular incisors
  • Lingual nerve: Supplies sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue, mucosa of floor of mouth, & mandibular lingual gingivae
    • Also have taste fibers from chordae tympani
  • Long buccal nerve: Sensory innervation to skin over cheek, mucous membrane lining cheek, & buccal surface of mandibular buccal gingiva of molar region
17
Q

Parasympathetics of mandibular branch of trigeminal (CN V3)

  • Where do they arise?
  • What do they supply?
A
  • Auriculotemporal: Parasympathetics from lesser petrosal nerve hitch a ride on this nerve
    • Supply parotid gland
  • Lingual: Parasympathetics from chorda tympani nerve hitch a ride and synapse in submandibular ganglion
    • Supply submandibular and sublingual glands
18
Q

Otic Ganglion

  • Where is it located?
  • What synapses here?
A
  • Located inferior to foramen ovale, medial to root of CN V3, posterior to medial pterygoid muscle
  • Preganglionic parasympathetics from lesser petrosal nerve off CN IX synapse here
    • Hitch a ride on auriculotemporal nerve to reach parotid gland
19
Q

Chorda tympani nerve

  • Where does it arise?
  • What fibers does it carry?
    • What do they supply?
  • What does it hitch a ride on?
A
  • Branch off facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Contains:
    • Afferent taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of tongue
    • Preganglionic parasympathetics supply submandibular ganglion.
    • Postganglionic parasympathetics supply submandibular gland and sublingual glands
  • Hitches a ride on lingual nerve
20
Q

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerves

  • Where are they located?
  • Where do they arise from?
  • What do they supply?
A
  • From pterygopalatine fossa, enters infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure, descends on posteriolateral surface of maxilla, pass through lateral wall of maxillary sinus
  • Branch from maxillary nerve (CN V2)
  • Supply sensory to posterior molars

Gross Anatomy (21 decks)

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