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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Exam 4 Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

External features of mouth

A
  • Philtrum: Indentation stretching from nasal septum to middle upper lip
  • Labial commisure: Point where upper and lower lips meet
  • Angle: Angle between upper and lower lip; medial to labial commisure
  • Vermilion border: Border between lip epithelium and skin of face
  • Oral fissure (rima oris): Line between upper and lower lips
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2
Q

Two parts of oral cavity

  • What are they?
  • Where is each located?
  • What are their features?
A
  • Oral vestibule
    • Located between cheek/lip and alveolar ridges and teeth.
    • Features:
      • Oral mucosal lining converges midline and forms superior (maxillary) and inferior (madibular) labial frenulum
      • Lateral cheek formed by buccinator muscle
      • Parotid duct opens in parotid papilla adjacent to second maxillary molar.
  • Oral cavity proper
    • Bounded anteriorly and laterally by alveolar ridges and teeth (dental arch); open posteriorly to oropharynx
    • Roof is hard/soft palate
    • Floor is tongue
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3
Q

Teeth

  • How are they anchored to mandible/maxilla?
  • What are the different kinds? (Anteromedial to posterolateral)
  • Innervation
A
  • Anchored to mandible/maxilla in alveolar processes of maxilla/mandible by periodontal ligaments
  • Kinds from anteromedial to posterolateral:
    • Incisor (2)
    • Canine (1)
    • Premolar (2)
    • Molar (3)
  • Innervation:
    • Maxilla by V2
      • Incisors and canine: Anterior superior alveolar
      • Premolars and half of first molar: Middle superior alveolar
      • Middle first molar and 2nd and 3rd molars: Posterior superior alveolar
    • Mandible by V3
      • All teeth by inferior alveolar nerve
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4
Q

Palate

  • How much of palate is formed by hard palate? Soft palate?
  • What forms the hard palate?
  • What are the features of the hard palate?
  • What is the function of the soft palate?
  • What forms the soft palate?
A
  • Anterior 2/3 of palate from hard palate; posterior 1/3 from soft palate
  • Hard palate formed by maxillary and palatine bones
  • Hard palate features:
    • Palatine foramina: Located on posterior part of palatine bone near pyramidal process
    • Incisive fossa: Located anteriorly; Opening of incisive canal.
      • Nasopalatine and septal branch of sphenopalatine nn pass through incisive canal
  • Soft palate is highly movable and separates oropharynx from nasopharynx
  • Soft palat formed by tensor and levator veli palatini muscles.
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5
Q

Palatine gland

  • What is it?
  • What is its innervation?
A
  • Mucous gland of both palates
  • Innervated by postganglionic parasympathetics fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion via greater palatine nerve.
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6
Q

Neurovasculature of palates

  • What is their innervation?
    • What kind of fibers do these nerves carry?
  • What is their blood supply?
A
  • Hard palate innervated by greater palatine nerve (branch of V2)
    • Carries general sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal nerve
  • Soft palate innervated by lesser palatine nerve (branch of V2)
    • Carries general sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal nerve
  • Hard palate blood supply from greater palatine artery
  • Soft palate blood supply from lesser palatine artery
    • Branches off descending palatine artery
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7
Q

Tensor veli palatini muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid, auditory tube
  • Distal Attachment: Palatine aponeurosis
    • Tendon of tensor veli palitini wrapped around hamulus of medial pterygoid plate (inferior end of posterior border of medial pterygoid plate)
  • Action: Tenses palatine aponeurosis to extend hard palate and open auditory tube during swallowing
  • Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
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8
Q

Levator veli palitini muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Temporal bone (petrous part)
  • Distal Attachment: Palatine aponeurosis
  • Action: Elevates soft palate during swallowing
  • Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
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9
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
  • What does it form?
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Palatine aponeurosis
  • Distal Attachment: Lateral aspect of tongue
  • Action: Elevates posterior tongue, depresses palate to close oropharyngeal isthmus during mastication
  • Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
  • Forms palatoglossal fold
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10
Q

Palatopharyngeus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
  • What does it form?
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Hard palate, superior palatine aponeurosis
  • Distal Attachment: Lateral pharyngeal wall
  • Action: Narrows oropharyngeal isthmus and elevates during swallowing
  • Innervation: Vagus nerve (CN X) from pharyngeal plexus
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11
Q

Tongue

  • What forms the posterior 1/3?
  • What forms the anterior 2/3?
  • What is the tip called?
  • Features of the dorsum of tongue?
A
  • Root forms posterior 1/3
  • Body forms anterior 2/3
  • Tip is called apex
  • Features:
    • Median sulcus: Groove running down midline of tongue
    • Sulcus terminalis: V-shaped sulcus marking separation between anterior 2/3 (oral) and posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal) parts
    • Forament cecum: Median pit in apex of tongue; site of origin of thyroid gland in embryo
    • Vallecula: Continuation of tongue posteriorly with anterior epiglottis
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12
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the tongue?

A
  • Lingual nerve (off V3): Provides general senses to anterior 2/3
    • Chorda tympani (joins lingual nerve): Provides taste to anterior 2/3
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX): Provides both general sense and tase to posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Internal laryngeal nerve (off CN X): Provides general sense and taste to anterior surface of epiglottis
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13
Q

Genioglossus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Mental spine of mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Dorsum of tongue, hyoid bone
  • Action: Depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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14
Q

Hypoglossus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Body and greater horn of hyoid bone
  • Distal Attachment: Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
  • Action: Depresses and retracts tongue
  • Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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15
Q

Styloglossus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament
  • Distal Attachment: Lateral and inferior aspect of tongue
  • Action: Retracts tongue and draws it up for swallowing
  • Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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16
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

  • What are they?
  • What are their functions?
  • What is their innervation?
A
  • Longitudinal muscles: Shorten (thicken/heighten) tongue
  • Transverse muscle: Narrows tongue
  • Verticle muscle: Flattens and broadens tongue
  • Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
17
Q

Glands of sublingual space

  • What are they?
  • Where are they located?
  • Where do they drain?
A
  • Submandibular gland: Located on superior surface of mylohyoid muslce near its posteiror margin
    • Duct emerges from superior part of gland and passes anteriorly;
      • Empties into sublingual caruncle immediately lateral to frenulum of tongue.
      • Lingual nerve crosses under this duct.
  • Sublingual gland: Lies against sublingual fossa in medial surface of mandible
    • Empties into oral cavity with its 15-20 short ducts along its entire length
18
Q

Branches off lingual artery (passes medial to hypoglossus muscle)

  • What are they?
  • Where do they run?
A
  • Dorsal lingual artery: Comes off lingual artery immediately before it passes deep to hypglossus muscle
  • Deep lingual artery: One of two terminal branches; Passes superiorly on lateral surface of tongue
  • Sublingual artery: Other terminal branch; Supplies the lower part of tongue and sublingual gland
19
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

  • Where does each part drain?
A
  • Posterior 1/3: Drained by superior deep cervical nodes
  • Middle Part: Drained contralaterally by inferior cervical nodes
    • Drained ipsilaterally by submandibular nodes
  • Tip of Tongue: Drained by submental nodes, which empty into deep cervical nodes

Gross Anatomy (21 decks)

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