Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Muscles of Facial Expression and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Exam 4 Muscles of Facial Expression and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium.

A
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Nasal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Frontalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachement
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Upper orbital margin
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Elevates eyebrows/wrinkles forehead
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Occipitalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superior nuchal line
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Retracts scalp
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Orbicularis oculi muscle

  • Orbital portion
    • Proximal Attachment
    • Distal Attachment
    • Action
    • Innervation
  • Palpebral portion
    • Proximal Attachment
    • Distal Attachment
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Orbital portion
    • Proximal Attachment: Medial orbital portion of frontal bone
    • Distal Attachment: Skin around margin of orbit
    • Action: Closes eyelid (voluntary movement)
    • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
  • Palpebral portion
    • Proximal Attachment: Lacrimal bone
    • Distal Attachment: Superior and inferior tarsal plates
    • Action: Closes eyelids (involuntary blink reflex)
    • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corrugator supercilli muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Medial supraorbital margin
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Draws eyebrows downward and medially
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Procerus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Nasal bone and cartilage
  • Distal Attachment: Skin between eyebrows
  • Action: Draws eyebrows downward
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nasalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Nasal bone and cartilage
  • Distal Attachment: Ala of nose
  • Action: Draws ala of nose toward septum (flaring nostrils)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Depressor septi nasi muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Incisive fossa of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Ala and nasal septum
  • Action: Draws ala of nose toward septum (nostril flaring)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zygomaticus major muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Zygomatic arch
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Draws angle of mouth upward and backward
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zygomaticus minor muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Zygomatic arch
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Elevates upper lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Levator labii superioris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Maxilla above infraorbital foramen
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of upper lip
  • Action: Elevates upper lip and dilates nares
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Levator anguli oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Canine fossa of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Elevates angle of mouth medially
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risorius muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Masseteric fascia
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Retracts angle of mouth
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Depressor anguli oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Oblique line of mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Inferior aspect of mouth
  • Action: Depresses angle of mouth
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Mandible below mental foramen
  • Distal Attachment: Obicularis oris muscle and skin of lower lip
  • Action: Depresses lower lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mentalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Incisive fossa of mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of chin
  • Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
17
Q

Orbicularis oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Maxilla above incisors and mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of lip
  • Action: Closes lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
18
Q

Buccinator muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Pterygomandibular raphe, alveolar process of maxilla, mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth blendind with orbicularis oris muscle
  • Action: Presses/tightens cheek (chewing, blowing)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
19
Q

Platysma muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superficial fascia over part of deltoid and pectoralis major
  • Distal Attachment: Mandible; Skin and muscles over mandible and angle of mouth
  • Action: Depresses lower jaw/lip, angle of mouth
    • Wrinkles skin of neck
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
20
Q

CN VII (Facial nerve)

  • Where does it emerge from the skull?
  • What type of nerve fibers are found in it?
  • Branches
A
  • Emerges from sylomastoid foramen
  • Somatic motor fibers only
  • Runs through parotid gland (parotid plexus) without innervating the gland and branches into:
    • Temporal branch: Crosses zygomatic arch
    • Zygomatic branch: Superior to parotid duct
    • Buccal branch: Inferior to parotid duct
    • Marginal mandibular branch: Margin of mandible
    • Cervical branch: Runs inferior to platysma

“Ten Zebras Bought My Car”

21
Q

Bell’s Palsy

  • What is it?
  • What causes it?
  • Symptoms?
A
  • Unilateral paralysis of facial muscles
  • Caused by damage to facial nerve
  • Symptoms:
    • Decreased lacrimation (loss of greater petrosal n function)
    • Loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (loss of chorda tympani n function)
    • Sensitiviy to sound (loos of stapedius m. function)
    • Deviation of lower jaw and tongue (loss of digastric m. tone)
22
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve and what do they supply?

A
  • Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1):
    • Supraorbital n: Supplies skin of middle of superior eyelid and skin of lateral forehead and scalp
    • Supratrochlear n: Supplies skin of medial portion of superior eyelid and skin of medial forehead.
  • Maxillary nerve (CN V2):
    • Zygomaticotemporal n: Supplies skin anterior to temporal fossa
    • Zygomaticofacial n: Supplies skin on prominence of cheek
    • Infraorbital: Supplies skin of cheek, lateral nose, skin and oral mucosa of upper lip
  • Mandibular nerve (CN V3):
    • Auriculotemporal n: Supplies skin to auricle and posterior 2/3 of temporal region
    • Long buccal n: Supplies skin of oral mucosa of cheek and buccal gingiva of mandibular molars
    • Mental n: Supplies skin of chin and skin and oral mucosa of lower lip
23
Q

Branches of cervical plexus and what they innervate.

A
  • Great auricular n.
    • Innervates skin over parotid region
    • Innervates parotid sheath
  • Lesser occipital n.
    • Supplies scalp posterior to auricle
  • Greater occipital n.
    • Supplies scalp over occipital region
24
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureax)

  • What is it?
  • What causes it?
A
  • Pain along cource of CN V
  • Caused by vascular compression upon trigeminal nerve root.
25
Q

Facial Artery

  • What does it branch off of?
  • What are its cervical branches?
  • What are its superficial facial branches?
A
  • 3rd branch of external carotid artery
  • Cervical branches:
    • Ascending palatine
    • Tonsillar branch
    • Glandular branch
    • Submental
  • Superficial facial branches:
    • Inferior labial a
    • Superior labial a
    • Lateral nasal a
    • Angular a
26
Q

Other branches of external carotid artery

A
  • Superficial temporal a
    • Transverse facial a.
  • Maxillary a
    • Infraorbital a
    • Mental a
27
Q

Facial branches of internal carotid artery

A
  • Supraorbital a: branch of ophthalmic a
  • Supratrochlear a: branch of ophthalmic a
  • Dorsal nasal a
28
Q

Facial Veins

  • What is unique about them?
  • Which ones drain into the internal jugular vein?
  • Which ones drain into the pterygoid venous plexus?
  • Which ones drain into the cavernous sinus?
A
  • Veins are valveless: flow both ways
  • Drain into jugular vein:
    • Angular vein
    • Nasal veins
    • Superior labial vein
    • Inferior labial vein
    • Facial vein
    • Common facial vein: receives blood from most facial veins
    • Retromandibular vein: anterior branch drains into facial vein
  • Drain into pterygoid venous plexus:
    • Deep facial vein
  • Drain into cavernous sinus:
    • Ophthalmic veins
29
Q

What is significant about the danger area of the face?

A
  • Triangular space around nose to upper lip.
  • If pus or bacteria enter venous drainage from this area, infection can spread to cavernous sinus via ophthalmic vv or pterygoid plexus via deep facial v
  • Warm moist environment can allow growth of bacteria in cavernous sinus and can lead to death if left untreated.
30
Q

Parotid gland

  • What is it?
  • What surrounds it?
  • Where does parotid duct (Stenson’s duct) empty?
  • What is its innervation?
A
  • Largest salivary gland
  • Surrounded by deep cervical fascia (parotid sheath)
  • Parotid duct pierces buccinator m. and empties into oral cavity near 2nd maxillary molar
  • Innervation:
    • Sensory from great auricular n (branch of cervical plexus)
    • Parasympathetic via glossopharyngeal n: synapse in otic ganglion
    • Sympathetic via plexus on branches of external carotid artery: synapses at superior cervical ganglion
31
Q

Scalp

  • Layers from superficial to deep
  • Arterial blood supply
  • Venous drainage
A
  • Layers:
    • Skin
    • Connective tissue: Highly vascular
    • Aponeurosis (epicranial): Occipitofrontalis m.
      • Fuses laterally with temporalis fascia
    • Loose connective tissue: Allows aponeurosis to move
    • Periosteium: Anchors occipital belly of occipitofrontalis m.
  • Arterial blood supply:
    • Superficial temporal
    • Supraorbital
    • Occipital
    • Posterior auricular
  • Venous drainage:
    • Superficial temporal
    • Supraorbital
    • Occipital
    • Posterior auricular
    • Emissary: Connect veins outside cranium to dural venous sinuses
      • Flow toward brain
      • Enter cranium via transverse emissary foramina
      • No valves so infection can spread from scalp into dural sinuses and brain tissue
32
Q

Where can scalp bleeding and infection spread?

A
  • CANNOT spread to neck: due to attachment of occipitalis m. to bone
  • CANNOT spread laterally: due to epicranial aponeurosis being continuous with temporal fascia
  • CAN spread to eyelids and root of nose: due to insertion of frontalis m into supraorbital skin

Gross Anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions