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A&P 231 > Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Rhomboids minor and major

A

Action: retract scapula; stabilize scapula; rotate glenoid cavity downward

Origin: spinous processes of C7 (minor) and T3-T5 (major)

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular n.

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2
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Action: flexes, medial rotate, and adducts arm

Origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: pectoral n.

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3
Q

Deltoid

A

Action: abduct humerus

Origin: clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Innervation: axillary n.

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4
Q

Teres major

A

Action: extend, medially rotate, adduct humerus

Origin: posterior surface of inferior border of scapula

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: subscapular n.

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5
Q

Teres minor

A

Action: extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint

Origin: lateral border scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: axillary n.

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6
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Action: abduct humerus

Origin: supraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular n.

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7
Q

Infraspinatous

A

Action: lateral rotate humerus

Origin: infraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular n.

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8
Q

Subscapularis

A

Action: medial rotate humerus

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: subscapularis n.

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9
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Action: forearm extension

Origin:
Long head: glenoid cavity inferior margin
Lateral head: posterior humerus
Medial head: posterior humerus distal radial groove

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Innervation: radial n.

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10
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Action: flex elbow, flex shoulder, and supinate forearm

Origin:
Short head: coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Innervation: musculocutaneous

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11
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Action: synergist of elbow flexion

Origin: distal humerus

Insertion: radial styloid process

Innervation: radial nerve

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12
Q

Brachialis

A

Action: flexor of elbow

Origin: anterior distal humerus

Insertion: ulna, coronoid process

Innervation: musculocutaneous

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13
Q

Coroacobrachialis

A

Action: adduction and flexion at shoulder

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: medial shaft of humerus

Innervation: musculocutaneous

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14
Q

Pronator teres

A

Action: pronate forearm

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: mid lateral surface of radius

Innervation: median

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15
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Action: flexor of wrist, abduct hand

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of metacarpals 2 and 3

Innervation: median

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16
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Action: flexor of wrist

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: median

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17
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Action: flex wrist, adduct hand

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna

Insertion: pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: ulnar

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Action: flex hand, flex middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna coronoid process, radius shaft

Insertion: middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

Innervation: median

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19
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Action: flex distal phalanges of fingers 2-5; hand flexion

Origin: anteriomedial surface of ulna, interosseus membrane, and coronoid process

Insertion: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Innervation: median n., ulnar n.

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20
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus

A

Action: extend and abduct wrist

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of metacarpals 3 (brevis) and 2 (longus)

Innervation: radial

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21
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Action: finger extension

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal dorsal surface of phalanges 2-5

Innervation: radial

22
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Action: extend and adduct wrist

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of metacarpal 5

Innervation: radial

23
Q

Supinator

A

Action: supinate arm

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna

Insertion: proximal end of radius

Innervation: radius (deep branch)

24
Q

Anconeus

A

Action: extend elbow

Origin: epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: lateral aspect of olecranon

Innervation: radial

25
Q

Sartorius

A

Action: flex knee; flex abduct and laterally rotate thigh

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial proximal tibia

Innervation: femoral

26
Q

Iliacus

A

Action: flexion at hip

Origin: iliac fossa

Insertion: just inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation: femoral

27
Q

Psoas major

A

Action: flexion at hip; laterally flex vertebrae

Origin: transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation: branches of L1-L3

28
Q

Adductors- magnus, longus, brevis

A

Action: adduct, medially rotate, and flex thigh

Origin: all from pubis; magnus from ischial tuberosity also

Insertion: femur linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Innervation: obturator

29
Q

Gracilis

A

Action: adduct thigh, medially rotate and flex leg

Origin: pubis body and inferior ramus

Insertion: medial tibia inferior to medial condyle

Innervation: obturator

30
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Action: flex, abduct, and medially rotate thigh

Origin: anterior iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: iliotibial tract (IT band)

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

31
Q

Rectus femoris

Quadriceps femoris

A

Action: extend knee, flex hip

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabulum

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve

32
Q

Vastus lateralis

Quadriceps femoris

A

Action: extend knee

Origin: greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line and linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve

33
Q

Vastus medialis

Quadriceps femoris

A

Action: extend knee

Origin: intertrochanteric line of femur and linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve

34
Q 
Vastus intermedius
(Quadriceps femoris)
A

Action: extend knee

Origin: anterior and lateral surface of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve

35
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Action: extend, laterally rotate, and abduct thigh

Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT tract

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

36
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Origin: upper lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

37
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Origin: external inferior surface of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

38
Q

Piriformis

A

Action: lateral rotation and abduct thigh

Origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: sacral spinal nerves L5-S2

39
Q 
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)
(Hamstrings)
A

Action: extend thigh, flex knee, laterally rotate leg

Origin: ischial tuberosity; biceps short head-linea aspera

Insertion: fibula head and tibia lateral condyle

Innervation: tibial and common fibular sciatic

40
Q

Semitendinosus

Hamstrings

A

Action: extend thigh, flex knee, medially rotate leg

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: upper medial tibial shaft

Innervation: tibia

41
Q

Semimembranous

Hamstrings

A

Action: extend thigh, flex knee, medial rotate leg

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: tibia medial condyle, femur lateral condyle

Innervation: tibia

42
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

Action: plantar flexion, evert foot

Origin: head and proximal fibula

Insertion: metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

Innervation: peroneal

43
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

Action: plantar flexion, evert foot

Origin: distal fibula

Insertion: metatarsal 5

Innervation: peroneal

44
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Action: dorsiflexion and foot inversion

Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia, interosseus membrane

Insertion: inferior surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal 1

Innervation: peroneal

45
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Action: inversion, plantar flexion

Origin: proximal tibia and fibula, and interosseus membrane

Insertion: navicular; all cuneiform; metatarsals 2-4

Innervation: tibial

46
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Action: toe extension, dorsiflexion

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Innervation: deep peroneal

47
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Action: flex toes (2-5), plantar flexion

Origin: middle third of posterior tibia

Insertion: distal phalanges of toes

Innervation: tibial

48
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Action: plantar flexion, flex knee

Origin: medial and lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Innervation: tibial

49
Q

Soleus

A

Action: plantar flexion

Origin: proximal tibia and fibula

Insertion: calcaneus

Innervation: tibial

50
Q

Popliteus

A

Action: flex and medial rotate tibia

Origin: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Insertion: proximal tibia

Innervation: tibial

A&P 231 (9 decks)

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