Articulations

Question 1

What are the structural classifications of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

Question 2

Fibrous joint

Answer 2

No joint cavity, bones held together with collagen fibers.

Question 3

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 3

No joint cavity, bones held together with cartilage.

Question 4

Synovial joint

Answer 4

Have a synovial cavity, bones held together with an enclosed capsule and ligaments.

Question 5

What are the functional classifications of joints?

Answer 5

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses.

Question 6

Synarthroses

Answer 6

Immovable joints

Question 7

Amphiarthroses

Answer 7

Slightly movable joints

Question 8

Diarthroses

Answer 8

Freely movable joints

Question 9

Gliding

Answer 9

Waving hand

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

Decreases the angle of the joint; example: bending knee back

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

Increases the angle of the joint

Question 12

Extension of the shoulder

Answer 12

Moving arm toward back

Question 13

Hyperextension

Answer 13

Moves a joint beyond the usual extended angle

Question 14

Dorsiflexion

Answer 14

Movement of the ankle, toes toward shin

Question 15

Plantar flexion

Answer 15

Movement of the ankle, toes pointed down (like standing on toes)

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

Movement of the limb away from the midline of the body

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

Movement of the limb toward the midline of the body

Question 18

Circumduction

Answer 18

Move hand/arm in circles

Question 19

Rotation

Answer 19

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis; medial and lateral rotation (toward the midline, away from the midline)

Question 20

Supination

Answer 20

Movement from palms facing posteriorly to anteriorly; palms up (anatomical position); radius and ulna are parallel

Question 21

Pronation

Answer 21

Movement of palm from palms upward facing to posterior facing, palms down; radius rotates over the ulna

Question 22

Inversion

Answer 22

Movement of the foot that turns the sole of the foot medially

Question 23

Eversion

Answer 23

Movement of the foot that turns the sole of the foot laterally

Question 24

Opposition

Answer 24

Fingers to thumb; OK? position

Question 25

Hinge joint

Answer 25

Uniaxial: flexion and extension. Type of synovial joint. Examples: elbow, knee, phalanges.

Question 26

Pivot joint

Answer 26

Uniaxial: rotation. Type of Synovial joint. Examples: proximal radioulnar joint.

Question 27

Condyloid joint

Answer 27

Biaxial: flexion and extension, adduction and abduction. Type of synovial joint. Examples: metacarpophalangeal (knuckles).

Question 28

Saddle joint

Answer 28

Biaxial: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction. Type of synovial joint. Examples: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Question 29

Ball and socket joint

Answer 29

Multiaxial: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation. Type of synovial joint. Examples: shoulder, hips.