Exam 2: Clinical

Question 1

TMJ Syndrome

Answer 1

Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome.
Causes: psychological tension and misalignment of teeth.
Treatment: psychological management, PT, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Signs and symptoms: clicking in the jaw, limitation of movement, headaches, + more.

Question 2

Osteoarthritis

Answer 2

“Wear and tear arthritis”
Most common form, results from years of joint wear.
Articular cartilage softens and degenerates.
Treatment: NSAIDS, stretching, PT

Question 3

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

Autoimmune attack against joint tissues.
Ankylosis: solidly fused, immovable joint.
Treatment: Steroids, aspirin, PT, arthroplasty

Question 4

Arthroplasty

Answer 4

Replacement of diseased joint with an artificial device called prosthesis.

Question 5

Stress fracture

Answer 5

Break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone (falls, athletics, military combat)

Question 6

Pathological fracture

Answer 6

Break in bone weakened by some other disease (osteoporosis or bone cancer)

Question 7

Nondisplaced fracture

Answer 7

Bone pieces remain in proper anatomical alignment

Question 8

Displaced fractures

Answer 8

At least one piece is shifted out of alignment with the other

Question 9

Comminuted fracture

Answer 9

Bone broken into three or more pieces

Question 10

Greenstick fracture

Answer 10

Bone is incompletely broken on one side, and bent on the other side

Question 11

Repair of Fractures

Answer 11

1. Hematoma formation
2. Soft callus formation (granulation tissue converted to soft callus)
3. Hard callus formation (temporary split to join bone fragments)
4. Bone remodeling (osteoclast and osteoblast activity)

Question 12

Orthopedics

Answer 12

Deals with prevention and correction of injuries and disorders of bones, joints, and muscles

Question 13

Rickets

Answer 13

Soft bones due to the deficiency of calcium salts

Question 14

Osteomalacia

Answer 14

Softness of bones in adults

Question 15

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 15

Excessively brittle bones due to lack of protein

Question 16

Osteoporosis

Answer 16

Severe loss of bone density
Bones lose mass and become brittle due to loss of organic matrix and minerals
Estrogen maintains density (rapid bones loss after menopause because no more estrogen secretion)