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A&P 231 > Cranial Bones & Bone Markings > Flashcards

Cranial Bones & Bone Markings Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal

A

Forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.

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2
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

Thick margin above the eye socket that lies beneath the eyebrows.

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3
Q

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

A

Opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass.

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4
Q

Glabella

A

Smooth area between the eyes.

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5
Q

Parietal (2)

A

Form the superior and lateral aspects of the skull.

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6
Q

Temporal (2)

A

Form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the middle cranial fossa; each has squamous, tympanic, and petrous parts.

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7
Q

Squamous part

A

Located inferior to the squamous suture.

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8
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Located in the squamous part. A bridgelike projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch.

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9
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Located in the squamous part. Located on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process; receives the condylar process of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint.

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10
Q

Tympanic part

A

Surrounds the external ear opening.

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11
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

Located in the tympanic part. Canal leading to the middle ear and eardrum/

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12
Q

Styloid process

A

Located in the tympanic part. Needlelike projection that serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the neck.

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13
Q

Petrous part

A

Forms a bony wedge between the sphenoid and occipital bones and contributes to the cranial base.

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14
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Located in the petrous part. Located where the petrous part of the temporal bone joins the occipital bone. Forms an opening which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass.

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15
Q

Carotid canal

A

Located in the petrous part. Opening through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity.

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16
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Located in the petrous part. Almost completely closed by cartilage in the living person but forms a jagged opening in dried skulls.

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17
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Located in the petrous part. Tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium.

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18
Q

Mastoid process

A

Located in the petrous part. Located posterior to the external acoustic meatus; serves as an attachment point for neck muscles.

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19
Q

Occipital

A

Forms the posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull.

20
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large opening in the base of the bone, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain stem.

21
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra.

22
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which cranial nerve XII (the hypoglossal nerve) passes.

23
Q

External occipital protruberance

A

Midline prominence posterior to the foramen magnum.

24
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat-shaped bone that is described as the keystone bone of the cranium because it articulates with all other cranial bones.

25
Q

Greater wings

A

Project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits.

26
Q

Pterygoid processes

A

Project inferiorly from the greater wings; attachment site for chewing muscles (pterygoid muscles).

27
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A

Slits in the orbits providing passage of cranial nerves that control eye movements (III, IV, VI, and the opthalmic division of V).

28
Q

Sella turcica

A

“Turkish saddle” located on the superior surface of the body; the seat of the saddle, called the hypophyseal fossa, holds the pituitary gland.

29
Q

Lesser wings

A

Form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit.

30
Q

Optic canals

A

Openings in the base of the lesser wings; cranial nerve II (optic nerve) passes through to serve the eye.

31
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Openings located in the medial part of the greater wings; a branch of cranial nerve V (maxillary division) passes through.

32
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Openings located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum; a branch of cranial nerve V (mandibular division) passes through.

33
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Openings located posterolateral to the foramen spinosum; provides passageway for the middle meningeal artery.

34
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Contributes to the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit.

35
Q

Crista galli

A

“Rooster’s comb”; a superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull.

36
Q

Cribriform plates

A

Located lateral to the crista galli; form a portion of the roof of the nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.

37
Q

Cribriform foramina

A

Tiny holes in the cribriform plates that allow for the passage of filaments of cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve).

38
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Inferior projection that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum.

39
Q

Lateral masses

A

Flank the perpendicular plate on each side and are filled with sinuses called ethmoidal air cells.

40
Q

Orbital plates

A

Lateral surface of the lateral masses that contribute to the medial wall of the orbits.

41
Q

Superior and middle nasal conchae

A

Extend medially from the lateral masses; act as turbinates to improve airflow through the nasal cavity.

42
Q

What are the four largest sutures?

A

Sagittal, Coronal, Squamous, Lambdoid. Located where the parietal bones articulate with each other and where the parietal bones articulate with other cranial bones.

43
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Occurs where the left and right parietal bones meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium.

44
Q

Coronal suture

A

Running in the frontal plane, occurs anteriorly where the parietal bones meet the frontal bone.

45
Q

Squamous suture

A

Occurs where each parietal bone meets the temporal bone, on each lateral aspect of the skull.

46
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly.

A&P 231 (9 decks)

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