Muscles of Foot (Layers 1-4)

Question 1

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 1

O: 1. Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
2. Flexor Retinaculum
3. Plantar Aponeurosis
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: Medial Plantar Nerve S1 S2
A: 1. Abduct 1st digit
2. Flex 1st digit

FIRST LAYER

Question 2

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 2

O: 1. Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
2. Plantar aponeurosis
3. Intermuscular Septa
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve S2 S3
A: 1. Abduct 5th Digit
2. Flex 5th Digit

FIRST LAYER

Question 3

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 3

O: 1. Medial tubercle of tubersoty of calcaneus
2. Plantar aponeurosis
3. Intermuscular Septa
I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
N: Medial Plantar Nerve
A: Flexes lateral four digits

FIRST LAYER

Question 4

Lumbricals

Answer 4

O: Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
I: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
N: 1st- Medial Plantar Nerve
2nd-4th- Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: 1. Flexes proximal phalanges
2. Extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

SECOND LAYER

Question 5

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 5

O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longs
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: Assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

SECOND LAYER

Question 6

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 6

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
I: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: Medial Plantar Nerve
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
** THIRD LAYER**

Question 7

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Answer 7

O: Base of 5th Metatarsal
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion
**THIRD LAYER**

Question 8

Adductor Hallucis

Answer 8

O: Oblique: Base of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse: Plantar ligaments of MTP joints
I: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve
A: 1. Adducts 1st digit
2. Assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
THRID LAYER

Question 9

Plantar Interossei

Answer 9

O- Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
I- Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
N- Lateral Plantar Nerve
A- 1. Adduct digits 2-4
2. Flex MTP joints

Question 10

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 10

O- Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
I- 1st- Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
    2nd-4th- Lateral sides of digits 2-4
N- Lateral Plantar Nerve
A-  1. Abduct digits
      2. Flex MTP joints