Muscles And Nerves

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of muscles?

Answer 1

Movement, static support and heat production.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 2

Skeletal (voluntary),

cardiac (involuntary) blood circulation

smooth (involuntary) walls of vessels and organs, keeps contraction for longer, slower than others.

Question 3

How does a skeletal muscle attach to a bone?

Answer 3

A tendon.

Question 4

What is a fascicle?

Answer 4

A bundl elf muscle fibres. Bundles make up muscle.

Question 5

What is the endomysium

Answer 5

Connective tissue inside skeletal muscles. Surrounds fascicles.

Question 6

What is a pennate?

Answer 6

Muscle fibres coming off of of one main one (at an angle) as opposed to all parallel.

Question 7

What are tendons and what do they do?

Answer 7

Attach muscle to bone. Dense connective tissue. Made up of closely packed collagen fibres. Strong and tough structure that resists the contractions. Transfer force from muscle to bone.

Question 8

What is special about the Achilles’ tendon?

Answer 8

Two muscles share the tendon.

Question 9

What do muscles ‘pass’ over?

Answer 9

Joints, some pass over more than one joint.

Question 10

What is the Deltoid? Why is it special?

Answer 10

Shoulder muscle. One of few that have more than one function.

Question 11

Examples of muscles working together?

Answer 11

Elbow joint: flexors and extensor working in opposition.

Shoulder:

Hand:

Question 12

What are ‘muscle compartments’ a different name for?

Answer 12

Limbs.

Question 13

What do muscle compartments share and give an example?

Answer 13

Nerve supply.

Radial nerve supplies all extensor in upper limb.

Question 14

What does the radial nerve do?

Answer 14

Supplies all muscles in upper limb.

Question 15

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 15

CNS (brain and spinal chord)

PNS (cranial and spinal nerves)

Question 16

What are the functional divisions of the Nervous system?

Answer 16

The somatic (voluntary)
Autonomic (involuntary)

Question 17

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system subdivisions of?

Answer 17

The Autonomic Nervous system

Question 18

What nervous system is fight or flight?

Answer 18

Sympathetic

Question 19

What is rest and digest nervous system?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic

Question 20

What are the fibres in spinal nerves? How do they travel out?

Answer 20

Sensory (afferent) dorsal root

Motor (efferent) ventral root

Question 21

What are the classes of fibres in spinal nerves?

Answer 21

Roots

Spinal nerves

Rami

Question 22

What are the main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 22

Location of outflow from CNS.

In sympathetic, there is the sympathetic ‘trunk’.

Location of ganglia: in sympathetic, far from organs.
In parasympathetic, close to organs.

Transmitters and receptors used.

Question 23

What is a motor unit?

Answer 23

Motor neurone attaching to muscle fibres.

In bum, only 1 neurone for all muscle fibres - less control over muscle.

Question 24

What are myotomes and dermatomes?

Answer 24

Areas supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Question 25

What is a cutaneous nerve?

Answer 25

Shows which nerves supply which areas of skin.

Question 26

What does the ventral ramus supply?

Answer 26

The front trunk, skin, muscle, bones, upper and lower limbs

Anterolateral.

Question 27

What does the dorsal ramus supply?

Answer 27

The back trunk (posterior)

Question 28

Where is both sensory and motor information found?

Answer 28

Mixed spinal chord,

Dorsal and ventral rami

Question 29

What are intercostal muscles?

Answer 29

Muscles between ribs

Question 30

What do the intercostal nerves supply?

Answer 30

Intercostal muscles (muscles between ribs) and 
Abdominal wall muscles.