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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Where is skeletal muscle attached to?

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

What type of tissue is a tendon?

A

Dense connective

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3
Q

Can tendons shorten?

A

No

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4
Q

What happens to muscles that pass over a joint?

A

They innervate that joint

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5
Q

Do all muscles pass over just 1 joint?

A

No
Can pass over none
1 or more

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6
Q

What are muscles of the same compartment usually supplied by the same whaT?

A

Nerves

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7
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the NS?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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8
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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9
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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10
Q

In a somatic pathway do the nerves synapse?

A

No

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11
Q

In an autonomic pathway do the nerves synapse?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What differs between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Location and outflow from CNS
Location of ganglia
Transmitters and receptors used

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13
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

When one nerve innervates multiple muscle fibres

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14
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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15
Q

What is the aponeurosis?

A

The flat tendons of the abdominal oblique muscles

Flat thin broad tendons

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16
Q

What is hiltons law?

A

The nerve supplying a muscle has to cross the joint to innervate it

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17
Q

Where does the biceps brachii cross?

A

Elbow

Shoulder

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18
Q

What is the bicep brachii attached to?

A

Radius

Scapula

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19
Q

How many joints does the brachioradials cross?

A

1

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20
Q

What is the brachioradials attached to?

A

Radius

Humerus

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21
Q

What is the brachioradials?

A

The muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow

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22
Q

When the brachioradials and bicep brachii contract what happens?

A

Flexion of the elbow

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23
Q

When the brachioradials and bicep brachii relax what happens?

A

Extension of the elbow

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24
Q

Over which joints do the triceps brachii extend over?

A

Elbow

Shoulder

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25
Q

What are diaphram muscles?

A

Muscles that attach to bone on either side of the midline of the body

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26
Q

What does the diaphram separate?

A

The thorax from he abdomen

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27
Q

On contraction of the diaphram muscle what happens to the air capacity for the lungs?

A

It increases

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28
Q

When the diaphram descends what is the effect?

A

Increase in thoracic volume

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29
Q

What effect do the anterior fibres have on the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion

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30
Q

What effect do the midline fibres have on the shoulder joint?

A

Abduction

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31
Q

What effect do the posterior fibres have on the shoulder joint?

A

Extension

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32
Q

What is the effect of combining the anterior, posterior and midline fibres on the shoulder joint?

A

Circumduction

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33
Q

What are agonist muscles

A

The muscles that are the prime movers

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34
Q

What are the antagonist muscles?

A

The muscles that follow the movements of the prime movers

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35
Q

In flexion of the elbow what is the agonist?

A

Biceps

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36
Q

In the flexion of the elbow what is the antagonist?

A

Tricep

37
Q

In the extension of the elbow what is the agonist?

A

Tricep

38
Q

In the extension of the elbow what is the antagonist?

A

Bicep

39
Q

What are the muscles of the forearm divided into?

A

The anterior and posterior part

40
Q

Are muscles of the same compartment usually supplied by the same nerve?

A

Yes

41
Q

Why is the rotator cuff at the shoulder joint necessary?

A

It is the most susceptible to dislocation

42
Q

From what vertebral levels are the arm and forearm supplied by?

A

C5-T1

43
Q

What are the groups of nerves supplying the arm known as?

A

Brachial plexus

44
Q

What are the group of nerves supplying the legs known as?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

45
Q

From what vertebral levels are the thigh and leg muscles supplied?

A

L1-S4

46
Q

To what degree do the oblique muscles lie to each other?

A

90 degrees

47
Q

Why are the muscles flat and thin on the anterior chest wall?

A

So the structures reduce pressure on the lungs

48
Q

What is the opposite to superior?

A

Inferior

49
Q

What is the opposite to medial?

A

Lateral

50
Q

What is the opposite to major?

A

Minor

51
Q

What is the opposite to anterior?

A

Posterior

52
Q

What does teres mean?

A

Round

53
Q

Where is the teres major found?

A

In the shoulder

54
Q

What shape is the deltoid muscle?

A

Triangular

55
Q

What are limb muscles?

A

Muscles attaching to the limb only

56
Q

What are trunk muscles?

A

Muscles attached only to the origin

57
Q

What innervates the limb muscles?

A

Limb nerve plexuses

58
Q

What is CT good for looking at?

A

Bone

59
Q

What is MRI good for looking at?

A

Tissue

60
Q

What ensure simultaneous contraction in cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs

61
Q

How are the nucleus in smooth muscle?

A

One nucleus in one cell

62
Q

Where do ventral nerves supply?

A

Limbs

Anterolateral skin muscles and bone

63
Q

What type of info do ventral nerves contain?

A

Motor - efferent

64
Q

What type of info do dorsal nerves contain?

A

Sensory - afferent

65
Q

How many intercostal nerves are there?

A

12

66
Q

What is the dermatome at T4?

A

Nipples

67
Q

What is the dermatome at T10?

A

Belly button

68
Q

What is the dermatome at T8?

A

Costal arch

69
Q

What is the dermatome at T6?

A

Xiphoid process

70
Q

What is the dermatome at T2?

A

Sternal angle

71
Q

What separates muscle compartments?

A

Deep fascial intermuscular septa

72
Q

What are limb muscles supplied nerve wise?

A

Nerve plexuses

73
Q

What are trunk muscles supplied with nerve wise?

A

Segmentally

74
Q

What dermatome is at L1?

A

The skin over the groin

75
Q

Does the diaphram descend or ascend on contraction?

A

Descends

76
Q

What do synergists do?

A

Help perform the same action as the agonist muscle

77
Q

What is a synergist to the biceps?

A

Brachioradialis and brachioradialis

78
Q

What does rectus mean?

A

Straight

79
Q

What is the function of the aponeurosis?

A

To absorb energy for muscular contraction

80
Q

Why is are the muscles of the anterior wall thin?

A

To reduce pressure on the organs

Specifically the lungs

81
Q

What does teres mean?

A

Round

82
Q

What surface feature is at T4?

A

Nipples

83
Q

What surface feature is at T10?

A

Umbillicus

84
Q

What region of the body is L1?

A

Groin

85
Q

What joint occur in the midline of the trunk at dermatome T2?

A

Sternomanubrial

86
Q

Where are dermatomes of C5-T1 diverted?

A

Upper limbs

87
Q

How are sphincter muscles arranged?

A

Arranged circularly around the wall of the structure (think the organs and smooth muscle)

88
Q

What are sphincters mainly composed of?

A

Smooth muscle

Anatomy (6 decks)

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