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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae bones are there?

A

33

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2
Q

How does the size of the vertebrae vary from cranial to lumbar?

A

Increases from superior to inferior

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3
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Weight bearing
Protection
Movement
Site of muscle attachment

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4
Q

Where is weight transmitted in the vertebral column?

A

Carries and transmits weight from upper body to lower limbs

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5
Q

What do the intervertebral discs and curvatures provide?

A

Shock absorption

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6
Q

Where are the lordoses curves?

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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7
Q

Where are the kyphoses curves?

A

Thoracic

Sacral

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8
Q

How many curvatures are in the adult spine?

A

4

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9
Q

How many curvatures are in a childs spine?

A

2

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10
Q

How many curvatures are in a fetus’s spine?

A

1

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11
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Abnormal curvatures from the posterior view

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12
Q

Where is scoliosis present?

A

In young people - teenagers

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13
Q

What are the pointy bits at the side of a vertebra?

A

Transverse process

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14
Q

What are the pointy bits at the back of the vertebrae called?

A

Spinous processes

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15
Q

What is the most anterior part of the vertebrae called?

A

Pedicle

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16
Q

What is the biggest part of the vertebrae called?

A

The vertebral body

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the intervertebral disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus Fibrosus

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18
Q

What kind of joint are the intervertebral discs?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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19
Q

When does a slipped dis cause pain?

A

When the Nucleus pulposus is compressing on a nerve root

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20
Q

What does the vertebral column protect?

A

The spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Arteries and Veins

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21
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the spinal cord?

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia Matter

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22
Q

What fluid is found in the spine?

A

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid

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23
Q

What is inflammation of the meninges called?

A

Meningitis

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24
Q

What movements can the lumbar regions do?

A

Extension

Flexion

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25
Q

What movements can the thoracic regions do?

A

Lateral flexion
Lateral extension
Slight rotation

26
Q

What movements the can cranial regions do?

A 
Rotation 
Lateral flexion 
Lateral extension 
Extension 
Flexion
27
Q

What joint are the facet joints?

A

Synovial plane

28
Q

What joints do the vertebrae form with the ribs?

A

Synovial plane

29
Q

What joint do the axis and atlas form?

A

Synovial pivot

30
Q

What joint do the skull and atlas form?

A

Synovial ellipsoid

31
Q

What is the ligament between the spinous processes?

A

Interspinous ligament

32
Q

What is the ligament at the tip of the spinous processes?

A

Supraspinous ligament

33
Q

What is the ligament at the front of the vertebral bodies?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

34
Q

What is the ligament at the back of the vertebral bodies?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

35
Q

Where do intrinsic back muscles act on?

A

Only the back - not the limbs

36
Q

Where do extrinsic back muscles act on?

A

The back and the limbs

37
Q

What is the major muscle of the back?

A

The erector spinae

38
Q

How can you identify the vertebrae from the 5 different regions of the body?

A

Just by looking at them

39
Q

What shape is the vertebral foramen in cervical?

A

Triangular

40
Q

What is the shape of the vertebral foramen in thoracic?

A

Heart

41
Q

What is the shape of the vertebral body in lumbar?

A

Kidney shaped

42
Q

In what plane do the articular facets face in cervical?§

A

Transverse

43
Q

In what plane do the articular facets face in thoracic?

A

Coronal plane

44
Q

In what plane do the articular facets lie in lumbar?

A

Sagittal

45
Q

What is the main muscle of the back?

A

Erector spinae

46
Q

What level is the vertebral prominens?

A

C7

47
Q

What level is the spine of the scapula?

A

T3

48
Q

What level is the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

T7

49
Q

What level is the summit of the iliac crest

A

L4

50
Q

What normal functions increasse intra-abdominal pressure?

A

Sneezing
Coughing
Burping

51
Q

What type of joint is at the articular facets?

A

Synovial plane

52
Q

What type of joint is between vertebral bodies?

A

Secondary cartilage

53
Q

How many cervical vertebral bodies are there?

A

7

54
Q

How many thoracic vertebral are there?

A

12

55
Q

What is the C1 vertebral?

A

Atlas

56
Q

What is the C2 vertebral?

A

Axis

57
Q

What part of the vertebrae articulate to form the secondary joint?

A

Body

58
Q

What part of the vertebrae articulate to form the synovial plane?

A

Articular facets

59
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the back we have to know?

A

Trapezium
Latissimus Dorsal
Erector spinae

60
Q

In a lumbar puncture why is the patient usually requested to flex their lumbar spine?

A

To increase space between vertebrae

61
Q

What is the sticky up bit on C2 vertebrae called?

A

Odontoid process

Anatomy (6 decks)

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