Muscles Flashcards
Definition of antagonist
Whilst the prime mover contracts, this muscle relaxes to allow movement to occur
Definition of synergist
Hold the body position so that the prime mover can operate. They stop unwanted movement
Definition of fixators
Their role is to stabilise and maintain the correct position for movement to occur
Define the origin
Where the muscle attaches to the bone
Definition of insertion
Point where muscle attaches to the bone it moves
Definition of prime mover (agonist)
Responsible for the action taking place. It contracts, pulling the bone creating movement at a joint
What does a trapezius allow you to do?
Abduct at the shoulder
What does a bicep allow you to do?
Flex at the elbow
What does a tricep allow you to do?
Extend at the elbow
What does a deltoid allow you to do?
Rotate at the shoulder
What does a pectorals allow you to do?
Abduct at the shoulder
What does the abdominals allow you to do?
Flex at the hip
What does a quadricep allow you to do?
Extend at the knee
What does a latissimus dorsi allow you to do?
Adduct at the shoulder
What does a gluteus maximus allow you to do?
Extend at the hip
What does a gastrocnemius allow you to do?
Extend at the ankle
What does a hamstring allow you to do?
Flex at the knee
In the three order levels, define the load
The weight to be moved or resistance
In the three order levels, define the force to move the weight
Provided by the effort of the muscles
In the three order levels, define the fulcrum ( or pivot point )
The fixed point around which the movement occurs
Name the three functions of the three order levels?
Generate more force
Produce a greater range of movement
Increase speed at which the body moves
What are the four types of muscle contractions?
Eccentric, concentric, isotonic and isometric
Define isotonic contractions
They occur when any part of the body moves, and involves a change in length of the muscles
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
Concentric and eccentric
Define a concentric contraction
Occurs when the muscle shortens, for example when you bend your arm upwards
Define an eccentric contraction
Occurs when there is a gradual controlled release of a muscle contraction.
Define isometric contractions
They don’t change the length of a muscle and don’t cause movement. For example holding an object stationary
