Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of antagonist

A

Whilst the prime mover contracts, this muscle relaxes to allow movement to occur

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2
Q

Definition of synergist

A

Hold the body position so that the prime mover can operate. They stop unwanted movement

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3
Q

Definition of fixators

A

Their role is to stabilise and maintain the correct position for movement to occur

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4
Q

Define the origin

A

Where the muscle attaches to the bone

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5
Q

Definition of insertion

A

Point where muscle attaches to the bone it moves

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6
Q

Definition of prime mover (agonist)

A

Responsible for the action taking place. It contracts, pulling the bone creating movement at a joint

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7
Q

What does a trapezius allow you to do?

A

Abduct at the shoulder

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8
Q

What does a bicep allow you to do?

A

Flex at the elbow

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9
Q

What does a tricep allow you to do?

A

Extend at the elbow

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10
Q

What does a deltoid allow you to do?

A

Rotate at the shoulder

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11
Q

What does a pectorals allow you to do?

A

Abduct at the shoulder

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12
Q

What does the abdominals allow you to do?

A

Flex at the hip

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13
Q

What does a quadricep allow you to do?

A

Extend at the knee

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14
Q

What does a latissimus dorsi allow you to do?

A

Adduct at the shoulder

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15
Q

What does a gluteus maximus allow you to do?

A

Extend at the hip

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16
Q

What does a gastrocnemius allow you to do?

A

Extend at the ankle

17
Q

What does a hamstring allow you to do?

A

Flex at the knee

18
Q

In the three order levels, define the load

A

The weight to be moved or resistance

19
Q

In the three order levels, define the force to move the weight

A

Provided by the effort of the muscles

20
Q

In the three order levels, define the fulcrum ( or pivot point )

A

The fixed point around which the movement occurs

21
Q

Name the three functions of the three order levels?

A

Generate more force
Produce a greater range of movement
Increase speed at which the body moves

22
Q

What are the four types of muscle contractions?

A

Eccentric, concentric, isotonic and isometric

23
Q

Define isotonic contractions

A

They occur when any part of the body moves, and involves a change in length of the muscles

24
Q

What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

A

Concentric and eccentric

25
Q

Define a concentric contraction

A

Occurs when the muscle shortens, for example when you bend your arm upwards

26
Q

Define an eccentric contraction

A

Occurs when there is a gradual controlled release of a muscle contraction.

27
Q

Define isometric contractions

A

They don’t change the length of a muscle and don’t cause movement. For example holding an object stationary