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Histology Block 1 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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2
Q

What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

A

Help to expel secretions of certain secretry glands

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3
Q

What is the function of myofibroblasts?

A

Secretion of collagen, contractile capabilities; important in would repair

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4
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Smooth muscle-like cells that surround blood vessels

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5
Q

What is the special name for the cytoplasm of muscle cells?

A

Sarcoplasm

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6
Q

What is the name of the smooth ER in muscle cells?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

What is the name of the plasma membrane of muscle cells?

A

Sarcolemma

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8
Q

What is a myocyte?

A

A muscle cell

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9
Q

What nerve fiber types supply motor innervation to skeletal muscle?

A

GSE, SVE

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10
Q

What is syncytium?

A

Multinucleated cells often formed by the fusion of many cells

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11
Q

How are muscle fibers formed developmentally?

A

Myoblasts fuse to form myotubes which fuse to form muscle fibers

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12
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Myoblasts that do not fuse but remain as mesenchymal cells

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13
Q

What is the role of satellite cells?

A

They can proliferate and produce new muscle cells in response to injury

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14
Q

What is the connective tissue component that surrounds the muscle deep to depp fascia?

A

Epimysium

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15
Q

What is the connective tissue component that surrounds a fascicle?

A

Perimysium

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16
Q

What is a fasicle?

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

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17
Q

What is the connective tissue component that surrounds a muscle fiber?

A

Endomysium

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18
Q

What is the name of the point at the end of muscles at which the epimysium becomes continuous with the tendon of the muscle?

A

Myotendinous Juction

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19
Q

Various fiber types in skeletal muscle are reflective of what?

A

The mitochondrial and myoglobin content of the muscle fiber

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20
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fiber types?

A

Type I (red), Type IIa (intermediate), Type IIb (white)

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21
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber type is slow twitching?

A

Type I

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22
Q

Whichskeletal muscle fiber type has the slowest rate of fatigue?

A

Type I

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23
Q

Which skeletal muscle fiber type has the lowest myoglobin content?

A

Type IIb

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24
Q

What is the major typical location of type I skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Postural muscles of the back

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25
What is the major typical location of type IIa skeletal muscle fibers?
Major muscles of the lower extremity
26
What is the major typical location of type IIb skeletal muscle fibers?
Extraocular muscles, muscles controlling finger movements and precise movements
27
What is the relative speed of contraction of Type 2a skeletal muscle fibers?
Intermediate
28
What is the hierarchal structure of muscle fascicles?
Skeletal muscle is composed of fascicles which are composed of muscle fibers, which are composed of myofibrils, which are composed of myofilaments
29
What are myofibrils?
Longitudinal cylindrical bundles of thick and thin myofilaments that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber
30
What is the functional contractile unit of the myofibril?
The sarcomere
31
Where is the typical location of the nuclei of skeletal muscle fibers?
Peripherally located just beneath the sarcolemma
32
What produces the striations in skeletal muscle fibers?
Precise arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments in a sarcomere
33
Which bands are the dark bands in skeletal muscle? The light bands?
A bands; I bands
34
What are transverse (T) tubules?
Invaginations of the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers that extend transversely into the muscle cells, surrounding each myofibril
35
Which portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is on either side of T tubules?
Terminal cisternae
36
What is a triad (in context of skeletal muscle)?
T-tubules + 2 terminal cisternae
37
What is a sarcomere?
The regular repeating region between Z lines in muscle tissue
38
What is the primary composition of thick filaments of the sarcomere? How are thick filaments held in place?
Myosin; disc-like zone (M line)
39
What makes up the primary composition of thin filaments in a sarcomere? How are the thin filaments held in place?
F-actin; Held in place by the Z line
40
What type of filaments compose I bands? A bands?
I bands contain thin filaments; A bands contain thick filaments
41
In what region do A and I bands NOT overlap?
The H band region
42
How are actin filaments anhored on the Z disc?
Alpha-actinin
43
Which band(s) does not change length when muscle contracts?
A bands
44
What is a motor unit?
A single motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates
45
What is the name of the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell?
Neuromuscular junction
46
What is the terminal bouton?
The presynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction of the nerve
47
What is the name of the postsynaptic side of a neuromuscular junction where the sarcolemma has infoldings forming pits with numerous Ach receptors?
Motor end plate
48
What are muscle spindles?
Specialized strectch receptor units in skeletal muscle that provide info about muscle length
49
What are the capsule surrounded muscle fibers that make up muscle spindles?
Intrafusal fibers
50
Changes in what type of muscle fibers are detected within muscle spindles?
Extrafusal muscle (ordinary fibers)
51
What are the specialized tension sensors at the myotendinous junction?
Golgi tendon organs
52
What is the location of nuclei in cardiac muscle cells? How many nuclei do muscle cells typically contain?
1-2 centrally located nuclei per cell
53
What are the complex junctions that are found connecting only cardiac muscle cells?
Intercalated discs
54
What types of cell junctions are contained in intercalated discs?
Fascia adherens, desmosomes, and gap junctions
55
What are the charcteristics of the mitochondria in cardiac muscle?
Abundant and large
56
What is the structure of T tubules in cardiac tissue as opposed to in skeletal muscle?
The cardiac muscle T tubules are less orgaized and usually only form diads not triads
57
What is the perinuclear space?
The area of cardiac muscle cells formed where myofibrils bypass the nucleus
58
Why is smooth muscle not striated?
The contractile proteins are not arranged longitudinally in myofibrils with sacromeres
59
Contraction of smooth muscle is influenced by what factors?
ANS, hormones, local factors
60
Describe the structure of nuclei in smooth muscle cells.
A single, centrally located nucleus that appears corkscrew shaped when muscle is contracted
61
Where is smooth muscle found?
Walls of GI, Respiratory, and Urinary tracts, some gland walls, and walls of blood vessels, arector pili muscles
62
Smooth muscl is specialized for what kind of contractions?
Sustained contractions of low force, often wave-like or rhythmic
63
What is the arrangement of contractile proteins of smooth muscle?
Arranged in crisscrossed bundles forming a lattice around the cell membrae
64
To what are actin and intermediate filaments attached on the sarcolemma and in sarcoplasm?
Dense bodies
65
What are caveolae?
Flask-shaped invaginations of the sarcolemma that play a role in smooth muscle Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling
66
What are the two different classes of smooth muscle?
Unitary (single-unit) and multi-unit
67
What is the source of contractions in unitary smooth muscle? In multi-unit smooth muscle?
The cells themselves; ANS

Histology Block 1 (6 decks)

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