Connective Tissue/ Adipose/ Cartilage

Question 1

What is the main point of ground substance?

Answer 1

Draw water into the tissue

Question 2

What is the second most common kind of collagen?

Answer 2

Type III

Question 3

What kind of collagen secures the basal lamina to the underlying type III collagen?

Answer 3

VII

Question 4

What type of connective tissue is especially associated with epithelium?

Answer 4

Loose connective tissue

Question 5

What type of connective tissue forms fibrous capsules of organs?

Answer 5

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Question 6

What is most of cartilage volume?

Answer 6

Intercellular water

Question 7

What are the two types of collagen growth patterns?

Answer 7

Appositional growth (new forming on surface of existing) and intersiitial (new within existing)

Question 8

From what are mesenchymal stem cells derived?

Answer 8

Epiblasts

Question 9

What is the capacity for dense connective tissue to heal?

Answer 9

Poor vascularization means this tissue is difficult to heal

Question 10

What types of collagen are fibrillar?

Answer 10

Types I and III

Question 11

What kind of collagen fibers are resitant to tensile force and capable of regulating other collagen molecules?

Answer 11

Fibrillar Collagens

Question 12

What kind of collagen is a hexagonal network-forming collagen?

Answer 12

X

Question 13

What molecules are secreted by adipose tissue?

Answer 13

Leptin and resistin

Question 14

What does type III collagen form?

Answer 14

reticular fibers

Question 15

Where is type I collagen found?

Answer 15

Connective tissue of skin, bone, tendon, dentin, sclera, fascia, and organ capsules

Question 16

How are collagen fibers arranged in dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 16

Parallel to one another

Question 17

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

Answer 17

White (unilocular) fat, Brown (multilocular) fat

Question 18

What are the different functions of connective tissue?

Answer 18

Binding, support, compartmentalization, hydration, transportation, defense, energy storage

Question 19

What is the function of tendinocytes?

Answer 19

Wrap around collagen fibers to maintain them and recycle/replace them if necessary

Question 20

What kind of fat is highly innervated and under neural control?

Answer 20

Brown fat

Question 21

What part of the basement membrane is secreted by loose connective tissue?

Answer 21

Reticular lamina

Question 22

What is a tendinocyte?

Answer 22

A type of fibroblast found in tendons

Question 23

What makes up ground substance?

Answer 23

Sugars and proteins, namely GAGs, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

Question 24

What is connective tissue?

Answer 24

Cells suspended in an extracellular matrix of protein fibers and ground substance

Question 25

What is the function of type IV collagen?

Answer 25

Support and filtratino barrier

Question 26

What are FACITs?

Answer 26

Fibril Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple helices

Question 27

What component of ground substance is particularly associated with the basal lamina?

Answer 27

Multiadhesive glycoproteins

Question 28

Relative to other types of connective tissue what is the content of collagen and elastin fibers in loose connective tissue?

Answer 28

Few elastin and collagen fibers

Question 29

What kind of collagen is a FACIT?

Answer 29

Type IX

Question 30

Where is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 30

joints, costal cartilage, nose, respiratory tube cartilages, epipheseal discs

Question 31

From what kind of cell are most connective tissue cells derived?

Answer 31

Mesenchymal stem cells

Question 32

Where is interstitial cartilage growth seen?

Answer 32

Epipheseal plates

Question 33

What is the most common type of collagen?

Answer 33

Type I

Question 34

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 34

Hyaline cartilage plus elastin

Question 35

What are the major types of fibers in the fibrillar matrix?

Answer 35

Collagen, reticular (collagen III) and elastin

Question 36

What type of connective tissue is found around gland, nerve terminals, and blood vessels?

Answer 36

LCT

Question 37

What does hyaline cartilage matrix contain?

Answer 37

Perichondrium, Type II collagen, proteoglycans, hyaluronan/hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, isogenic groups

Question 38

What cells are found in cartilage?

Answer 38

Chondrocytes

Question 39

When is the nuclei of fibroblasts euchromatic?

Answer 39

When they are active during wound healing or injury repair

Question 40

What type of collagen interacts with integrins to anchor hemidesmosomes into basal lamina?

Answer 40

XVII (transmembrane)

Question 41

What kind of collagen is found in the territorial matrix zone?

Answer 41

Type II

Question 42

Where is type II collagen found?

Answer 42

Hyaline and elastic cartilage, notochord, IV discs

Question 43

What is the hierarchical structural organization of collagen?

Answer 43

Collagen bundle\> collagen fiber\> collagen fibril\> packed collagen molecules\> collagen molecule amino acids

Question 44

What two types of molecules are in elastic fibers?

Answer 44

Elastin and fibrillin

Question 45

What type of collagen in found in the capsular matrix zone of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 45

type VI

Question 46

Where is brown fat found?

Answer 46

Babies, back, neck, mediastinum

Question 47

What synthesizes elastic fibers?

Answer 47

Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Question 48

What are the basic steps of collagen biosynthesis?

Answer 48

Protein is synthesized in the rough ER, prepro-collagen is hydroxylated, pro-collagen is transported to plasma membrane, and clevage, alignment, and polymerization occur in the ECM

Question 49

What is the typical appearance of nuclei in dense regular CT

Answer 49

Squished

Question 50

Name 6 different sub-types of connective tissue

Answer 50

blood, cartilage, bone, lymphatic, hemopoietic, adipose

Question 51

What is the function of type I collagen?

Answer 51

Provides resistance to force, tension, and stretch

Question 52

What is the generalized function of fibroblasts?

Answer 52

Maintenance activity of CT through synthesis of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers and the complex carbohydrates in ground substance

Question 53

What is the functino of type II collagen?

Answer 53

Provides resistance to intermittent pressure

Question 54

Where is type IV collagen found?

Answer 54

Basal lamina, kidney glomeruli, lens capsule

Question 55

What type of connective tissue makes up ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, and deep investing fascia?

Answer 55

Dense Regular CT

Question 56

What enzymes degrade collagen fibers?

Answer 56

Matrix metalloprotinases, collagenases, gelatinases

Question 57

What layer of loose connective tissue ispecifically especially associated with mucous membranes

Answer 57

Lamina propria

Question 58

What are the primary cell type of connective tissue?

Answer 58

Fibroblasts;

Question 59

What are the two mechanisms for collagen fiber degradation?

Answer 59

Proteolytic and phagocytic

Question 60

What are the properties of cartilage?

Answer 60

Avascular and resilient

Question 61

What collagen disorder is of type I collagen? Type III?

Answer 61

Type I- Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Type III- Ethlers-Danlos Type IV

Question 62

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 62

Hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue

Question 63

What kind of connective tissue provides structural support to fragile tissues like capillaries and gland ducts?

Answer 63

Loose connective tissue

Question 64

What are the three types of cartilage? What is the most common?

Answer 64

Hyaline (most common), Elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage