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Histology Block 1 > Connective Tissue/ Adipose/ Cartilage > Flashcards

Connective Tissue/ Adipose/ Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main point of ground substance?

A

Draw water into the tissue

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2
Q

What is the second most common kind of collagen?

A

Type III

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3
Q

What kind of collagen secures the basal lamina to the underlying type III collagen?

A

VII

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4
Q

What type of connective tissue is especially associated with epithelium?

A

Loose connective tissue

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5
Q

What type of connective tissue forms fibrous capsules of organs?

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

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6
Q

What is most of cartilage volume?

A

Intercellular water

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7
Q

What are the two types of collagen growth patterns?

A

Appositional growth (new forming on surface of existing) and intersiitial (new within existing)

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8
Q

From what are mesenchymal stem cells derived?

A

Epiblasts

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9
Q

What is the capacity for dense connective tissue to heal?

A

Poor vascularization means this tissue is difficult to heal

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10
Q

What types of collagen are fibrillar?

A

Types I and III

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11
Q

What kind of collagen fibers are resitant to tensile force and capable of regulating other collagen molecules?

A

Fibrillar Collagens

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12
Q

What kind of collagen is a hexagonal network-forming collagen?

A

X

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13
Q

What molecules are secreted by adipose tissue?

A

Leptin and resistin

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14
Q

What does type III collagen form?

A

reticular fibers

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15
Q

Where is type I collagen found?

A

Connective tissue of skin, bone, tendon, dentin, sclera, fascia, and organ capsules

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16
Q

How are collagen fibers arranged in dense regular connective tissue?

A

Parallel to one another

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17
Q

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

A

White (unilocular) fat, Brown (multilocular) fat

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18
Q

What are the different functions of connective tissue?

A

Binding, support, compartmentalization, hydration, transportation, defense, energy storage

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19
Q

What is the function of tendinocytes?

A

Wrap around collagen fibers to maintain them and recycle/replace them if necessary

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20
Q

What kind of fat is highly innervated and under neural control?

A

Brown fat

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21
Q

What part of the basement membrane is secreted by loose connective tissue?

A

Reticular lamina

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22
Q

What is a tendinocyte?

A

A type of fibroblast found in tendons

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23
Q

What makes up ground substance?

A

Sugars and proteins, namely GAGs, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins

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24
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Cells suspended in an extracellular matrix of protein fibers and ground substance

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25
Q

What is the function of type IV collagen?

A

Support and filtratino barrier

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26
Q

What are FACITs?

A

Fibril Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple helices

27
Q

What component of ground substance is particularly associated with the basal lamina?

A

Multiadhesive glycoproteins

28
Q

Relative to other types of connective tissue what is the content of collagen and elastin fibers in loose connective tissue?

A

Few elastin and collagen fibers

29
Q

What kind of collagen is a FACIT?

A

Type IX

30
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage?

A

joints, costal cartilage, nose, respiratory tube cartilages, epipheseal discs

31
Q

From what kind of cell are most connective tissue cells derived?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

32
Q

Where is interstitial cartilage growth seen?

A

Epipheseal plates

33
Q

What is the most common type of collagen?

A

Type I

34
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage plus elastin

35
Q

What are the major types of fibers in the fibrillar matrix?

A

Collagen, reticular (collagen III) and elastin

36
Q

What type of connective tissue is found around gland, nerve terminals, and blood vessels?

A

LCT

37
Q

What does hyaline cartilage matrix contain?

A

Perichondrium, Type II collagen, proteoglycans, hyaluronan/hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, isogenic groups

38
Q

What cells are found in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

39
Q

When is the nuclei of fibroblasts euchromatic?

A

When they are active during wound healing or injury repair

40
Q

What type of collagen interacts with integrins to anchor hemidesmosomes into basal lamina?

A

XVII (transmembrane)

41
Q

What kind of collagen is found in the territorial matrix zone?

A

Type II

42
Q

Where is type II collagen found?

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage, notochord, IV discs

43
Q

What is the hierarchical structural organization of collagen?

A

Collagen bundle> collagen fiber> collagen fibril> packed collagen molecules> collagen molecule amino acids

44
Q

What two types of molecules are in elastic fibers?

A

Elastin and fibrillin

45
Q

What type of collagen in found in the capsular matrix zone of hyaline cartilage?

A

type VI

46
Q

Where is brown fat found?

A

Babies, back, neck, mediastinum

47
Q

What synthesizes elastic fibers?

A

Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

48
Q

What are the basic steps of collagen biosynthesis?

A

Protein is synthesized in the rough ER, prepro-collagen is hydroxylated, pro-collagen is transported to plasma membrane, and clevage, alignment, and polymerization occur in the ECM

49
Q

What is the typical appearance of nuclei in dense regular CT

A

Squished

50
Q

Name 6 different sub-types of connective tissue

A

blood, cartilage, bone, lymphatic, hemopoietic, adipose

51
Q

What is the function of type I collagen?

A

Provides resistance to force, tension, and stretch

52
Q

What is the generalized function of fibroblasts?

A

Maintenance activity of CT through synthesis of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers and the complex carbohydrates in ground substance

53
Q

What is the functino of type II collagen?

A

Provides resistance to intermittent pressure

54
Q

Where is type IV collagen found?

A

Basal lamina, kidney glomeruli, lens capsule

55
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, and deep investing fascia?

A

Dense Regular CT

56
Q

What enzymes degrade collagen fibers?

A

Matrix metalloprotinases, collagenases, gelatinases

57
Q

What layer of loose connective tissue ispecifically especially associated with mucous membranes

A

Lamina propria

58
Q

What are the primary cell type of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts;

59
Q

What are the two mechanisms for collagen fiber degradation?

A

Proteolytic and phagocytic

60
Q

What are the properties of cartilage?

A

Avascular and resilient

61
Q

What collagen disorder is of type I collagen? Type III?

A

Type I- Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Type III- Ethlers-Danlos Type IV

62
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue

63
Q

What kind of connective tissue provides structural support to fragile tissues like capillaries and gland ducts?

A

Loose connective tissue

64
Q

What are the three types of cartilage? What is the most common?

A

Hyaline (most common), Elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

Histology Block 1 (6 decks)

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