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Histology Block 1 > Epithelium/ Cell Surface > Flashcards

Epithelium/ Cell Surface Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of epithelial tissue?

A

Surface epithelium and some solid organs

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2
Q

Where is surface epithelium found?

A

Lining the surfaces of the body and the cavities within the body

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3
Q

What are the main functions of epithelial tissues?

A

Forming protective barriers, regulation and exchange of molecules between compartments, synthesis and secretion of glandular products, special sensation, and contractile component of myoepithelial cells

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4
Q

What are the major characteristics of surface epithelia?

A

Formation of a continuous sheets with 1+ cell layers, bound to adjacent cells by cell junctions, supported by basement membrane, polarization of cells

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5
Q

Which surface of the surface epithelial cell faces towards the lumen?

A

Apical surface

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6
Q

What are the two major components of the basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina and reticular lamina

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7
Q

What component of the basal lamina are large glycoproteins that form a lace like sheet and held in place by integrins?

A

Laminin

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8
Q

What type of collagen is associated with the laminin of the basal lamina?

A

Type IV collagen

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9
Q

What are the glycosylated proteins that link laminin and type IV collagen sheets in the basal lamina?

A

Entactin and perlecan

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10
Q

What is the origin of the basal lamina?

A

It is secreted by the epithelial cells

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11
Q

What is the origin of the reticular lamina?

A

It is secreted by the underlying connective tissue

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12
Q

What are the components of the reticular lamina? What types of collagen make them?

A

Reticular fibers (type III) and anchoring fibrils (type VII)

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13
Q

By what mechanism do metabolites and oxygen cross through the surface epithelial layer?

A

Diffusion

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14
Q

What is the type of epithelium consists of only a single layer of cells? What is the typical purpose for this type of epithelia?

A

Simple epithelia; usually found at interfaces involving diffusion, absorption and/or secretion

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15
Q

What type of epithelia consists of 2 or more layers?

A

Statified epithelium

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16
Q

What are the classic intermediate filaments of epithelial cells?

A

Keratins

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17
Q

What is the main protein of tight junctions? What is its function?

A

Claudin; changes permeability factor

18
Q

Where on the cell are tight junctions found?

A

At the luminal end of lateral cell membrane

19
Q

What is the most apical lateral junction between cells?

A

Tight junctions

20
Q

What is the major structural protein in zona adherens that crosses the intracellular space and attahes to actin filaments in the cell?

A

Cadherin

21
Q

What type of junction joins terminal webs of one cell to neighboring cells?

A

Zona adherens

22
Q

To what kind of filament do desmosomes attach?

A

Intracellular keratin filaments

23
Q

What type of adhering junction forms dense attachment plaques?

A

Desmosomes (heidesmosomes also form plaques)

24
Q

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

A

Links cells to underlying basement membrane

25
Q

What is the major connecting protein in hemidesmosomes?

A

Integrins

26
Q

What are the functions of communicating (gap) junctions?

A

Passage of ions and small molecules between neighboring cells and for intercellular signaling

27
Q

What is the main protein utilized in communicating junctions?

A

Connexins

28
Q

What are the three types of apical epcializations of epithelial cells?

A

Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia

29
Q

Where are epithelial cells with motile cilia likely to be found?

A

Respiratory tract, reproductive tracts, ependymal cells

30
Q

What is the structure of a cilium?

A

20 microtubules arranged as a central doublet surrounded by 9 peripheral doublets

31
Q

How are the peripheral doublets of microtubules in cilia linked and attached to the central core?

A

Linked via nexin and attached to the central core by radial spokes

32
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Increasing surface area of the apical portion of the cell

33
Q

What is the structural composition of microvilli?

A

Actin filaments attached to the terminal web

34
Q

What are the structural components of stereocilia?

A

Actin filaments

35
Q

What is the purpose of stereocilia?

A

Special sensation

36
Q

What kind of gland secretes contents into ducts?

A

Exocrine glands

37
Q

Secretions from what kind of glands travel in the bloodstream?

A

Endocrine glands

38
Q

What method of glandular secretion involves the process of exocytosis?

A

Merocrine (eccrine)

39
Q

What method of glandular secretion involves the discharge of free unbroken vesicles with product inside?

A

Apocrine

40
Q

What method of glandular secretion involes the discharge of the whole cell to release product?

A

Holocrine

41
Q

The secretory proteions of glands are sometimes surrounded by what kind of specialized epthelial cells?

A

Myoepithelial cells

42
Q

What type of epithelium is most appropriate for absorption?

A

Simple columnar

Histology Block 1 (6 decks)

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