Muscle Systems Flashcards
Definition of agonist and antagonists
Agonist- the muscles responsible for the movement occurring
Antagonists- the muscle that works in opposition to aid the movement
Origin/anchor point
Where the muscle attaches to the non moving bone
Insertion
Where the muscle attaches to the moving bone
Isotonic contractions
Contraction where muscle changes length
2 types of isotonic contractions
Concentric- where muscle shortens
Eccentric- muscle lengthens/relaxes
Isometric contractions
When the muscle is working but not changing length
The agonist, antagonist and contraction type for a bicep curl
Agonist- abdominals
Antagonist- erectus spinae
Contraction- trunk flexion
3 muscle fibre types and adaptation and sporting example
Slow oxidative fibres (resistant to fatigue) e.g. marathon
Fast oxidative fibres type11a (more prone to fatigue) e.g. 400m
Fast glycolytic fibres type11b (rapid fatigue) e.g. netball player sprinting into space
Motor neuron
What the electrical signal passes through from the brain to the NM junction
Motor units
The motor neurone and muscle fibres and contains only one type of muscle fibre
Neuromuscular junction
Where the motor neurone meets the muscle fibres
The order of neuromuscular system (How we cause movement
Sensory organ
Sensory neurone
Brain
Motor neurone
The All or none law
Where the sequence of impulses has to be of sufficient intensity to stimulate all of the muscle fibres in a motor unit for them to contract. If not none of them contract.
Sympathetic nervous system
Prepares the body for exercise and is often referred to as the ‘fight or flight response’
Parasympathetic nervous system
Has the opposite effect of the sympathetic nervous system and relaxes the body and slows down many high energy functions
Often explained by phrase ‘rest and relax’
