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TFI Paper 1 > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine tri-phosphate

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2
Q

what does ATP do?

A
  • Food we eat is turned into ATP
  • To release the energy one of the phosphate molecules is broken off.
  • This then turns it into ADP – di phosphate
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3
Q

3 different energy systems and their sport duration?

A
  • The ATP-PC system(3-10 seconds)
  • The lactate system aka. anaerobic glycolysis (10seconds-1min)
  • The Aerobic energy system- through KREBS and ETC (1min+)
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4
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM (3-10 SECONDS)

A
  • stored in your muscles so once its gone its gone.
  • PC stands for phospho-creatine.
  • Phospho-creatine is another source of energy which along with ATP lasts 10 seconds
  • PC is broken down by creatine Kinase – which releases the energy
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5
Q

ATP-PC RECOVERY

A

Your body will start to resynthesise the ATP and get more stores of PC – as soon as you have some you can start to work again.

It takes 2-3 MINUTES to recover your stores (this is a positive as much quicker than other
systems)

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6
Q

THE LACTIC ACID SYSTEM – ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS

A
  • This is the breakdown of glycogen without oxygen to last about 1 minute (GLYCOLYSIS)
  • This creates pyruvic acid
  • If you are working aerobically we use this pyruvic acid to work the Krebs cycle to produce more energy
  • If we don’t work aerobically the pyruvate turns into lactic acid which we
    know causes fatigue and stitches. Hence it only lasting 1 minute.
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7
Q

AEROBIC ENERGY SYSTEMS

A
  • when you work over 1min and use oxygen to resynthesise.
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8
Q

PROS and CONS of
ATP-PC system and Lactate system (anaerobic)

A

+ immediate energy
+ doesn’t require o2
+ allows for high intensity

  • takes a long time to fully recover
  • limited stores
  • tires quickly
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9
Q

PROS and CONS of aerobic system

A

+ recovers way more ATP per glyc
+ tires slowly
+ uses negative Bi products of other systems

  • takes time to kick in
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10
Q

What are the two types of EPOC?

A

Fast component
Slow component

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11
Q

Fast components of EPOC what does it do?

A
  • immediately after exercise
  • replenishes ATP
  • replenishes PC stores
  • cools your body
  • replenish 02 stores in myoglobin
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12
Q

Slow components of EPOC what does it do?

A
  • a few minutes after exercise but can take hours till lactic acid is fully removed
  • occurs in mitochondria
  • removes lactic acid by:
  • oxidizing with o2 to convert it into pyruvate
  • take it back into liver turns it into glucose
  • some is converted into protein
  • some is weed out.
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13
Q

Why is lactate bad?

A
  • lactate accumulates
  • causes increased H ions released
  • increases acidity
  • Acidity slows enzymes
  • glucose is broken down less quickly
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14
Q

3 factors affecting the rate of lactate accumulation

A
  • Exercise intensity – High the intensity the more they will use anaerobic glycolysis which turns pyruvate into lactate.
  • Muscle fibre type – fast twitch = quicker lactate
  • Fitness of the performer – fitter = more mitochondria, myoglobin, capillaries so can get o2 supplies to keep working aerobically
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15
Q

What is buffering?

A

a process which aids the removal of lactate to maintain acidity levels in the muscles

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16
Q

what is VO2 Max

A

max amount of o2 that can be used by the muscles per minute

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17
Q

3 factors affecting VO2 Max

A
  • genetics
  • age – the older you get the worse you get (body)
  • gender – men 20% better naturally
18
Q

4 types of specialist training

A
  • HIIT
  • Plyometric training
  • Altitude training
  • SAQ training
19
Q

What does HIIT training involve?

A

short intervals of maximum intensity exercises

19
Q

What does HIIT training involve?

A

short intervals of maximum intensity exercises followed by a recovery interval of low to moderate exercise

20
Q

PAM (plyometric training)

A

Pre loading (eccentric phase)
Amortisation
Muscle contraction

21
Q

What does OBLA stand for?

A

onset of blood lactate accumulation

22
Q

What is OBLA?

A

-where blood lactate goes above 4 millimoles per litres.
- the point at which you begin to tire and work anaerobically

23
Q

The higher your lactate threshold is the better….because…

A

the better your vo2 max is because you can perform for longer due to the o2 breaking down the lactate

24
Q

Oxygen consumption =

A

the amount of o2 we use to create our ATP

25
Q

How can oxygen consumption be measured

A

a douglas bag as it collects all the gas we breathe out

26
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibres

A
  • high numbers of mitochondria
  • high levels of myoglobin
  • high capillary density
  • slow to fatigue
  • low levels of force production
  • AEROBIC SYSTEM
27
Q

Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres

A
  • medium fast speed of contraction
  • high force level
  • high PC stores
  • quick to fatigue
  • pink
  • speed endurance events
  • LACTIC ACID SYSTEM
28
Q

How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?

A

34+2+2 (38)

29
Q

What substance is used in the Krebs cycle?

A

H ions

30
Q

What breaks down ATP?

A

AT pase

31
Q

What breaks down PC?

A

creatine kinase

32
Q

5 factors that can affect vo2 max abilities ?

A
  • physiology
  • training
  • age
  • gender
  • body comp
  • lifestyle
33
Q

What energy system do we use after 3 mins?

A

aerobic energy system

34
Q

What does the RER measure?

A

co2 produced and o2 used

35
Q

Training can increase an athlete’s maximum A-VO2 diff.
Analyse how the body systems adapt to allow this.

A
  • more oxygen due to more red blood cells
  • Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to increased
    capillarisation
  • Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to more myoglobin so can store more oxygen in
    muscle (1)
  • Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to
    numerous mitochondria allowing for more oxygen
    to be used in a muscle cell so less returned to venous blood (1)
36
Q

beta oxidisation

A

breakdown of fats with oxygen
happens after exercising for 20 mins

37
Q

Fast glycolytic muscle fibres

A
  • very fast speeds and forces of contraction
  • white in colour
  • very high pc stores
  • very quick to fatigue
  • ATP-PC SYSTEM
38
Q

name and the three key processes involved in the aerobic energy system when using glucose as an energy source

A
  • the krebs cycle
  • glycolysis
  • ETC
39
Q

the krebs cycle

A

oxidation of acetyl-coenzyme-A/citric acid

40
Q

glycolysis

A

glucose broken down into pyruvic acid

41
Q

ETC

A

transfer of electrons down a carrier chain/hydrogen is oxidised

TFI Paper 1 (11 decks)

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