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Animal Physiology > Muscle cell structure. > Flashcards

Muscle cell structure. Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue [long cylindrical]:

A

Located in voluntary muscle.

They are multi-nucleated.

They are striated.

The release of acetylcholine induces an action potential.

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2
Q

Contractions of skeletal muscle tissues are dependent on:

A

Stimulation by somatic motor neurons, which form a chemical synapse called the neuromuscular junction.

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3
Q

One motor end plate per:

A

Muscle fiber.

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4
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue [long irregularly shaped cells]:

A

Striated & found in the heart.

Uni-nucleated.

Connected by gap junctions.

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5
Q

Autorhythmicity:

A

Action potential arises within the muscle tissue.

You don’t need nervous stimulation for contractions in cardiac tissue.

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6
Q

Intercalated disks:

A

Where gap junctions are located.

The intercalated disks are located between cells.

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7
Q

Action potential in skeletal muscle cells are:

A

Transmitted from cell to cell via electrical synapses.

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle cells are called:

A

Muscle fibers.

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9
Q

Smooth muscle tissue [spindle shaped]:

A

Located in the viscera, involved in the reflex response.

Smaller than muscle fiber.

Contains a single nucleus.

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10
Q

types of smooth muscle tissue:

A

Single unit.

Multi-unit.

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11
Q

Single unit (smooth muscle tissue):

A

The cells are connected by electrical synapses.

They also have autorhythmicity.

Ex: GI Tract, uterus.

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12
Q

Multi-unit (smooth muscle tissue):

A

They have no electrical synapses.

They respond to neurotransmitters or hormones.

They do not produce an action potential.

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13
Q

What does smooth multi-unit muscle tissue produce:

A

Depolarizing postsynaptic potential that stimulates contraction.

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14
Q

Sarcolemma:

A

Plasma-membrane of the skeletal muscle.

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15
Q

Sarcoplasm:

A

Cytosol [ICF].

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16
Q

Myofibril:

A

Cylindrical structures that extends the length of the muscle fiber and contain sarcomeres.

Contraction of sarcomeres causes contraction of the muscle fiber.

Myofibril can also contract.

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17
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum:

A

Calcium ion storage organ.

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18
Q

Transverse tubules:

A

Propagate action potentials from the sarcolemma to the interior of the muscle fiber.

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19
Q

Myofilament arrangement produces:

A

A & I bands.

20
Q

Types of filaments:

A

Thick filament.

Thin Filament.

21
Q

Thick filaments are attached to:

A

The M line.

22
Q

___ thin filaments surrounds ____ thin filament.

A

6 thin surrounds 1 think.

23
Q

Z-Disk:

A

Protein that holds the thin filament in place.

Located at the center of each I band.

24
Q

Sarcomere:

A

Contractile unit of a myofibril.

Each sarcomere contracts.

It is the area between two adjacent z-disks.

25
Q

Titin:

A

Gives elasticity to the myofibrils.

26
Q

Nebulin:

A

Assemble & stabilizes the thin filaments.

27
Q

Thin filaments are made up of:

A

G-actin.

Tropomyosin.

Troponin.

28
Q

G-actin:

A

Each G-actin contains 1 myosin-binding site.

Globular protein that can polymerize to form a long chain.

29
Q

Myosin binding site:

A

Where thick filaments meets the thin filaments.

30
Q

In a thin filament, two:

A

Two G-actin are coiled together to form an F-actin.

31
Q

Tropomyosin:

A

A filamentous protein that lies along F-actin, and which has the ability to block myosin-binding sites.

32
Q

At rest, Tropomyosin lies:

A

Over the myosin binding site.

33
Q

Troponin:

A

A protein that consists of three subunits.
Troponin T.
Troponin I.
Troponin C.

34
Q

What subunits of troponin interacts with tropomyosin:

A

Troponin T & I.

35
Q

Troponin T:

A

Holds tropomyosin in place.

36
Q

Troponin I:

A

Ensures myosin remains over the myosin binding site.

37
Q

Troponin C:

A

Can bind to calcium ions and regulates the activity of troponin I & T.
In the presence of ca, it moves tropomyosin away from myosin binding site.

38
Q

Thick filaments:

A

Made primarily of the protein myosin.

39
Q

Myosin:

A

Made up of six subunits.

2 heavy chains & 4 light chains.

40
Q

In the presence of calcium ions, troponin C:

A

Moves tropomyosin away from myosin binding site.

41
Q

Heavy chain of myosin:

A

The 2 head & tail.

42
Q

The light chain of myosin:

A

Flexible hinge region.

43
Q

Each myosin head has:

A

One G-actin binding site.

One ATPase site.

44
Q

The head of the myosin is also called:

A

Cross-bridges.

45
Q

One thick filament consists of:

A

200-400 myosin molecules.

46
Q

The middle of the thick filament lacks:

A

cross-bridges.

47
Q

Barezone:

A

The middle of the thick filament that lacks cross-bridges.

Barezones are attached to the M-line in the sarcomere.

Animal Physiology (12 decks)

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