Introduction to body Function

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintenance of the temperature, volume, and composition
of body fluids

Question 2

What are features we share with other animals?

Answer 2

-Interaction with the environment
-Detect and respond to environmental change
-Absorb nutrients and oxygen from the environment
-Excrete carbon dioxide and other wastes into the environment.

Question 3

What is the distribution center?

Answer 3

Way of getting nutrients & O2 to all cells.
It also collects waste and transports it to organs of elimination.

Question 4

All processes are governed by?

Answer 4

Chemical & Physical laws.

Question 5

What are features humans have?

Answer 5

Body Temperature
Thermoregulators
Endothermy
Homeostasis.

Question 6

What is endothermy?

Answer 6

The use of heat generated by metabolism.
(Generation of body heat).

Question 7

Conditions that are maintained in the internal body fluid?

Answer 7

Temperature.
Volume.
Composition.

Question 8

Total body water:

Answer 8

All internal body fluids.
It is 60% of the body weight.

Question 9

Extracellular fluid (ECF):

Answer 9

1/3 of TBW. (20)
This is the fluid outside the cell.
It is composed of plasma and interstitial fluid.

Question 10

Intracelluar Fluid (ICF):

Answer 10

The fluid inside the cell
2/3 of TBW (40)

Question 11

Plasma:

Answer 11

ECF within the cardiovascular system.
25% of the ECF.
This contains proteins.

Question 12

Interstitial fluid:

Answer 12

ECF outside the cardiovascular system.
This does not contain proteins.
75% of the ECF.

Question 13

What is the Hematocrit?

Answer 13

The percentage by volume of red cells in your blood.

Question 14

What separates the Plasma and the Interstitial fluid?

Answer 14

The capillary wall.

Question 15

Blood:

Answer 15

55% plasma.
45% Blood cells.

Question 16

Osmolarity/ Osmotic concentration:

Answer 16

Total solute concentration.

Question 17

Typical amounts of solutes are expressed in?

Answer 17

m-osmoles.

Question 18

What is an osmole?

Answer 18

the number of particles into which a
solute dissociates in solution.

Question 19

Osmolarity?

Answer 19

Total solute concentration.

Question 20

Body fluid has an osmolarity of ?

Answer 20

290 m-osm/L

Question 21

isosmotic:

Answer 21

Two solution with the same osmolarity

Question 22

Hyperosmotic:

Answer 22

Solution with the higher osmolarity.

Question 23

Hyposmotic:

Answer 23

Solution with lower osmolarity.

Question 24

Plasma is made up of?

Answer 24

90% plasma water.
10% plasma protein.

Question 25

What are osmotically active solutes?

Answer 25

These are polar molecules & Ions, that regulate water movement across membranes.
Can be impermeable or semi-restricted.

Question 26

Osmotic pressure:

Answer 26

A force that drives water movement between two compartments when the compartment are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 27

What determines osmotic pressure?

Answer 27

Osmotically active solutes.

Question 28

High osmotic pressure means:

Answer 28

There is a low water concentration.

Question 29

Pull force:

Answer 29

The ability of a solution to draw in water.

Question 30

Impermeable solutes:

Answer 30

contributes most to osmotic pressure

Question 31

Semi-permeable to free:

Answer 31

Contributes least to osmotic pressure.

Question 32

If there is no osmosis, that means?

Answer 32

The two solution have the same osmotic pressure.

Question 33

Two solutions with the same osmolarity don’t have?

Answer 33

The same osmotic pressure.

Question 34

Tonicity:

Answer 34

The ability of a solution to change cell volume.
This ability is related to the solution’s osmotic pressure.

Question 35

Isotonic solution:

Answer 35

No change in cell volume.

Question 36

Hypertonic solution:

Answer 36

Cell volume decreases, the cell loses water

Question 37

Hypotonic solution:

Answer 37

Cell volume increases, and cell gain water from the solution.

Question 38

The human body is both?

Answer 38

Isotonic and Isosmotic.
Isotonic ≠ Isosmotic.

Question 39

Water would move from ____ pressure to _____ pressure.

Answer 39

Low osmotic pressure to High osmotic pressure.

Question 40

Change in ECF & ICF in response to water deprivation.

Answer 40

ECF: Loses water, and becomes hyperosmotic. Osmotic pressure increases.

ICF: Water goes ICF to ECF to balance the fluid, and ICF loses Volume. Osmolarity increases ( Hyperosmotic).

In the end, the cell becomes Isotonic (Same osmotic pressure)