Muscle Basics Flashcards
What are some features of skeletal muscle
Striated muscles with myosis and actin
Under voulntary control
What are the three types of muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
What are some features of cardiac muscle
Found in the heard
Striated muscle
Invoulntary control
What are some features of smooth muscle
Found in viscera blood, vessels and skin
Not striated
Under involuntary control
What are basic muscle properties
Electrical excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
What is excitability
Electrical singles
Chemical signals
What is contractility
Contraction (shortening) produces force
Skeletal muscles attached to bone via tendons so contraction (shortening) produces movement
What is extensibility
Can stretch/lengthen (to an extent) without damage
What is elasticity
Returns to its orgianl length after contraction or extension
Greatest elasticity in smooth muscle
What are some propreties of Fasicles
blood vessels that supply a msucle and the nervs are found in the fasica also help with force production by limiting the expansion of the muscle is surrounds during contraction therby increasing the force transferred into the bones
What are the largest parts of the muscle to the smallest
Muscle
Epimysium (incases the fasical)
Fascicle- bundle of muscle fibers
Perimysiums- Incases muscle fibers
Muscle fibers
Endomysium- incases the myofibril
Myofibrial
Sacomere
Myosin
Actin
What is concentric and Eccentric
Concentric is shortening mysoin and actin move together
Eccentric legenthening mysoin and actin move apart
What does contralateral control mean
Left side of the brain controls right side and vise versa
What is a single motor unit
One neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates several motor units are required to innervate and entire muscle
What is the difference between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron
The upper motor neuron is white matter it connects the brain to the lower motor neuron sends an axon down and synapes to spinal cord and muscle
Where do muscles attach into relation to the joint
The farther away from a joint that muscle attaches the greater its mechanical advantage and the more force it can produce at that joint
Can muscles push
No they can only pull
What is isometric contraction
By holding it you activate the muscle muscle contracts but does not shorten
What is istonic contractions
Muscles can produce force while shortening lengthening or not moving at all
What are muscles trying to do
Shortern
What is concentric contraction
Muscles shorten during contraction
What is eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens during contraction create force opposite directions
What is the agonist muscle doing
Primary drive of movement concentric
What is the antagonist muscle doing
Controls slows or resists the antagonist (eccentric)
What does the synergist muscle doing
Additional muscles that assit the agonist (concentric)
In a bicep curl flexion what muscles are what
Biceps branchii is the synergist assiting it
The branchials is the agonist the flexion
The tricep is the antagonist
What is muscle atrophy
Progressive muscle loss from aprox age 30 onward
Less power and strength
What is muscle mass replaced by
Fibrous connective tissue and adipose(fat)
What is this cause by
Loss of motor neurons slower conduction speeds and loss of muscle fibers
How does exercise benefit the muscles
Increases muscle mass hypertophy
Increases neuron firing rate
More effective and resilient to injury
Increases bone density
What is a strain
In the muscle
What is a grade 1 strain
Streching or slight tearing
Need rest
What is a grade 2 strain
incomplete tear
More pain might not heal perfectly
What is a grade 3 strain
Complete tear
Doesnt always require surgery
Slow progressive thearpy
How can physiotherapy help with strains
Can have equal or sometimes better outcomes to surgery for high-grade muscle strains
