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Anatomy > Introduction to nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

The nerves

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3
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Controls and integrates bodily activity
Reacts to constant changes in external and internal encironments

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4
Q

Whats the main function of the CNS

A

Is the mains processing center and coordinator of all our bodys functions

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5
Q

What are the two cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons
Neurogila

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6
Q

What are function of Neurons

A

Basic unit of the nervous system
Transmit electrical impulses to one another to communicate information

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7
Q

What are the functions of neurogila

A

Non-neuronal, non-excitable cells
5x as abundant as neurons
Support for neurons
- Structural nourishment insulation pathogen clearance

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8
Q

What is the myelin sheath

A

Insulates axon to increase speed of signal

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9
Q

What is the difference between a multipolar motor neuron and pseudounipolar sensory neuron

A

Motor neurons send singals from the CNS to target organs where sensory neurons bring signals from the periphery to the CNS

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10
Q

What is an axon

A

Transmits action potential

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11
Q

What is the trigger zone

A

Axon hillock; where signals summate to reach threshold and cause an action potential

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12
Q

What are dendrites

A

Collecting information from other neurons or cells
Neuron synapses on a dendrite

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13
Q

What are axon terminals

A

Where synpase occurs with next neurons in the chain or target organ

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14
Q

What is the central process

A

Part of axon proximal to the cell body

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15
Q

What are the peripheral process

A

Part of the axon distal to the cell body

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16
Q

Are there dendrites around the cell body in a pseudounipolar sensory neuron

A

No

17
Q

What is a ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies from multiple neurons within a nerve

18
Q

What is the difference between the two type of neuroglia oligodendrocyte and schwann cell

A

Oligodendrocyte forms several mylein sheaths around multiple axons only in CN
Schwann cell forms one mylein sheath around one section of axon in the peripheral nervous system

19
Q

What is multiple scelerosis

A

Degradation of oligodendocytes dying off mylein is degrading different sympotoms

20
Q

What is guillain-Barre syndrome

A

Degradation of Schawn cells it is weakness nad paralysis motor problem in younger age

21
Q

What is gray matter in analogy

A

It the buildings in a city that process and store information

22
Q

What is white matter in an analogy

A

Represents the roads, transit lines and bike lanes that connect the buildings to transmit information

23
Q

What is the gray matter made up of

A

Cell bodies cortex and nuclei

24
Q

Do cell bodies have myelin

A

No only axons

25
Q

What is the white made up of

A

Axons with glial sheath

26
Q

What do unmyleinated neurons do

A

Need to depolarize at every point along their axon which leads to a relatively slow signal speed

27
Q

Where do myelinated neurons

A

only need to depolarize at the nodes of Ranvier meaning the signal can jump from node to node, drastically increasing the speed

28
Q

What are the steps of neuronal synapse

A
  1. Nerve impulse arrive at axon terminal end bulb of presynaptic neuron
  2. Impulse cause calcium channels to open and calcium ions rush in
  3. Neurotransmitter is released and crosses the synaptic cleft to trigger opening of sodium channels on postsynaptic neuron
  4. Sodium ions flow into dendrite of posysnaptic neuron to initiate new nerve impulse
29
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Peripheral innervation to visceral organs and glands
Peripheral nervous system in charge of invoulntary control

30
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

Peripheral innervation to all other tissues (muscles, skin etc)

31
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

feed and breed
rest and digest

32
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

33
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

Component of the peripheral nervous system in charge of voulntary and peripheral sensation

34
Q

What is a dermatome

A

Skin which is sensory

35
Q

What is a myotome

A

Muscle and motor

Anatomy (8 decks)

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