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Anatomy > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What consists of the axial skeleton

A
  • Skull and mandible
    Hyoid Bone
    Vertebral column
    Ribs
    Sternum
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2
Q

What consists of the appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Pelvic gridle
Bones of upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

When does bone development begin and when does it end

A

Very early in utero and does not finish until around 20 years after birth

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4
Q

What is the primary ossification center

A

This is where a diaphyeseal blood vessel is and where the blood suply to the bone

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5
Q

What is the secondary ossification center

A

This is where it is divided by a plate and a second blood vessel starts to form

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6
Q

What divides the primary osfication center and the secondary ossification center

A

An epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

What happens to epiphyseal plates when you get older

A

The bones fuse together and you have epiphyseal lines

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8
Q

What are the two types of bone

A

Cortical bone which is compact bone and trabecular bone which is spongy bone

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9
Q

What is bone production

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

What is bone loss

A

Osteoclats

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11
Q

What gender grows more bone mass

A

Males

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12
Q

What does aging cause for bones

A

Loss of bone mass decrease in calcium
Increases brittelness
Decrease in Collagen syntheis

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13
Q

How can we alter bone absorption

A

Mechanical stress can promote bone growth however lacking these forces can contribute to bone loss

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14
Q

What are fractures that happen when you are younger

A

A green stick fracture its like a new stick it bends

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15
Q

What is an epiphyseal fracture and what age does it occur

A

In younger children and it is the seperation of the epiphyseal plate

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16
Q

What is the spiral fracture

A

It is usally when you have a twisted motion and the crack wraps around your bone like a corkscrew

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17
Q

What is a depressed fracture

A

When your skull gets caves in or bones that are flat or rounded this happens in older people

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18
Q

What is a compression fracture

A

This happens in older people because a bone is more brittle and the vertbrate compress when you fall

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19
Q

What is a comminuted fracture

A

This happens in older people when it breaks in three different spots

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20
Q

What is the point in long bones

A

Structure and limb mobility
eg Femur

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21
Q

What is the feature of short bones

A

Support and stability there smaller more compact

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22
Q

What is the features of flat bones

A

Protection and muscle attachment

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23
Q

What is the feature of seasmoid bones

A

Tendon protection and efficency

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24
Q

What are the functions of irregular bones

A

Muscle attachment and protection

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25
Q

What is a facet

A

A small flat articular surface

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26
Q

What is condyle

A

Round articular promience at the end of a bone

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27
Q

Whats a Fossa

A

Cup like depression

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28
Q

What are articulations

A

2 bones that are touching to form joint

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29
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a bone

A

Head- rounded articular end
Neck- constriction between head and shaft
Shaft- main body of long bone

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30
Q

What is a process

A

Outgrowth or projection

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31
Q

What is a crest

A

A ridge where a long ridges where muscle attaches onto

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32
Q

What is a tubercle

A

This is a rounded projection usually smooth

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33
Q

What is an epicondyle

A

Projection above a condyle

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34
Q

What is a tuberosity

A

A rough projection this is a bump that is pulled out

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35
Q

What is a trochanter

A

Large blunt elevation

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36
Q

What are attachments

A

They are projections that serve as anchor points for muscle tenedons or fibrous ligaments

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37
Q

What is a line in the bone

A

This is a linear elevated ridge

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38
Q

What is a foramen

A

Opening or hole

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39
Q

What is a notch

A

A indentation on edge of bone

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40
Q

What is a groove

A

Elongated depression

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41
Q

What is meatus

A

A canal

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42
Q

What is fissure

A

Natural division or crevice cracks in the bone

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43
Q

What is Sinus

A

Cavity within back of the skull

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44
Q

What does joint articulation =

A

arthorsis a site where two skeletal elements come together or articulate

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45
Q

What are soild joints

A

Very stable and do not facilitate much if any movment

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46
Q

What are synovial joints

A

Specalized to allow for huge amounts of movment an

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47
Q

What are the two types of soild joints

A

Fibrous joins- very fixed
Cartilaginous- are very stable but they typically allow for a small ammount of movment or felxibility

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48
Q

What are some examples of Fibrous joints

A

Syndesmosis
Suture
Gomphosis

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49
Q

What are some example of cartilaginous joints

A

Symphysis which is fibrocartilage and are pieces that exist
Synchondrosis Hyaline cartialge this is bone fuses into cartilage

50
Q

What are synovial joints used for

A

Specialized for large amounts of movement

51
Q

What are some features of a a synovial joint

A

You have these pieces of Articular cartilage (Hyaline ) really smooth and can rock back and forth
In the joint capusle which has the fibrous membrane and synovial membrane the synovial membrane
And then the Synovial cavity which holds the synovial fluid

52
Q

What are articular discs

A

Increase stability of joint

53
Q

What is Bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs in the tissues to allow this to roll

54
Q

What are tendionous synovial sheaths

A

Allow the tendons to move

55
Q

What are biaxial movments of synovial joints

A

Saddle rock back and forth your thumb
Condyloid
Planar which is gliding

56
Q

What are uniaxial joints

A

Pivot
Hinge

57
Q

What is multiaxial

A

Whole range of planes like your shoulder

58
Q

What bone is your funny bone

A

The ulna

59
Q

What is part of your pectoral girdle

A

Scapula
Clavicle

60
Q

What makes up your hand

A

Metacarpals
Phalanges

61
Q

What makes up the Pelvic girdle

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

62
Q

What are the parts of the Thigh

A

Femur
Patella (knee cap)

63
Q

What bones make up the leg

A

Tibia ( shin)
Fibula

64
Q

What are the parts of the foot

A

Metatarsals
Phalanges

65
Q

How many bones are there in the Skull

A

22

66
Q

What are the two cranium and how many bones are there

A

Neurocranium holds the brain=8
Viscerocranium =14
Facial Skeleton
jaw bone

67
Q

What are the bones in the Neurocranium

A

Occipital
Sphenoid
Parietal (2)
Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal (2)

68
Q

Where is the occipital bone

A

The back of the skull

69
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone

A

Located behind the eyes looks like a bat

70
Q

Where is the Ethmoid bone

A

Behind the nose

71
Q

Where is the Frontal bone

A

At the front of the skull

72
Q

Where is the temporal bones

A

Located near the ears two of them

73
Q

Where is there Parietal Bones

A

Where the plam of the hand is near the ears and frontal

74
Q

Where is the coronal suture

A

Its the frontal lobe to the tempeoral bone connect

75
Q

Where is the Squamoid suture

A

Outlines the temporal bones

76
Q

Where is the sagital suture

A

Connects at the front and goes down the middle and connects to the lambodid suture

76
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture

A

Outlines the occiptal bone

77
Q

What is the occipital protuberance

A

Bump at the back of the bone and attaches to the muscle

78
Q

What are Fontanels

A

They are soft sopts in the neonatal skull pilable for childbirth and facilitate rapid brain growth

79
Q

Where is the anterolateral fontanel

A

Its near the front where the eyes are

80
Q

Where is the anterior font

A

At the top of the skull

81
Q

Where is the posterolateral fontanel

A

Near the back on the side

82
Q

Where is the posterior fontanel

A

Its a tiny spot on the very back of the head

83
Q

Where is the maxilla bones

A

They are at the front side of the nose and the front part of the teeth

84
Q

Where is the mandible

A

The jaw

85
Q

Where are the zygomatic bones

A

Cheeckbones

86
Q

Where is the nasal bones

A

At the top of the nose

87
Q

Where is the lacrimal bones

A

Right by the eyes and nose

88
Q

Where is the Inferio nasal conchae

A

Its behind the nose

89
Q

Where is the Vomer bone

A

Connects the mouth and the nose

90
Q

What is the chin called

A

Mental process

91
Q

What is the thing that connects the mandible and the temporal bone

A

The condylar process

92
Q

What is the ramus

A

Big part of the jaw thats after your teeth where the angle is

93
Q

where is the tempormandibular joint

A

The tempormandibular joint connects your lower jaw to your skull

94
Q

How many vertbrate is the spinal column made up of

A

24

95
Q

What are the the 3 sections and how many vertbrate

A

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)

96
Q

How many vertrbate are in the Sacrum and Coccyx

A

Sacrum is 5 fused vertbrate
Coccyz is 3-5 fused vertbrate

97
Q

What seprates the vertbrate

A

Intervertebral discs

98
Q

What sticks out and what curves in of the spine

A

The cervical lordosis curves in
Thoracic kyphosis sticks out
Lumbar lordosis goes is
Sacral kyphosis sticks out

99
Q

What is the Hyoid bone

A

This is an irregular floating bone

100
Q

What are zygapophyseal joints

A

Slinding synovial joints sustaning the most movment

101
Q

What is the different parts of the verterbrae

A

The verterbral body which is the disc
The pedicles which is the feet of the arch
Trasverse process which stick out for multiple attachments
the Articular procsses
The lamina which curves
The spinous process stacking outwards of your spine

102
Q

Where does the spinal cord go through

A

The verterbral foraman

103
Q

What characterstics to cervical vertbrae have

A

Look like sid the sloth
Bifid spinous process which is a split at the top
Tranverse foramen for a structure to pass through

104
Q

How can you get a stroke

A

A shift in the cervical vertebral can cause arteries to move and cause a stroke

105
Q

What are characteristics of a thoracic vertebrate

A

Inferior ans uperior costal facet where ribs go
Heart shaped body
Looks like a giraffe

106
Q

What are charaterstics of lumbar vertbrate

A

They have a costal process where rips were formed but they just stick out
Looks like a moose

107
Q

What are some chatacterstics of Special Vertbrate Atlas C1

A

Superior articular facet harder for the skull
Anterior tubercule
Facet for dens

108
Q

What are some features of special vertbrate of Axis C2

A

Anterio articular facet
Dens pointy upward piece looks like a tooth

109
Q

What is the altanto-occipital joint for

A

Flexion and Extension

110
Q

What is the Atlanto-axial joints for

A

Rotation

111
Q

What are some features of Sacrum

A

Sacral promontory which is the point at the top
Articular surface fuse together to make hip bones

112
Q

What is the posteriaor sacral foramina

A

Where nerves exit

113
Q

Where is the sacral canal

A

At the top the hole

114
Q

Where is the sacral hiatus

A

At the bottom near the coccyz

115
Q

Where is the promontory

A

At the top of the sacrum

116
Q

What are the to facets of the vertbrate

A

Demi facets interacts with the head of the rib
Costal facets

117
Q

What joint is the ribs and the vertbrate connect

A

The costovertebral joint and attaches again at the costotransverse joint where the ribs articulate

118
Q

What makes up the sternum

A

The Manubrium the Handle
The body
Xiphoid process like a tie

119
Q

How many ribs do we have and how many true ribs

A

We have 1-12 ribs and
1-7 true ribs

120
Q

Why are 8,9,10 false ribs

A

Join carilage before sternum lift the chest

121
Q

What are 11 and 12 ribs

A

Floating irbs

Anatomy (8 decks)

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