Bones Flashcards
What consists of the axial skeleton
- Skull and mandible
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum
What consists of the appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Pelvic gridle
Bones of upper and lower limbs
When does bone development begin and when does it end
Very early in utero and does not finish until around 20 years after birth
What is the primary ossification center
This is where a diaphyeseal blood vessel is and where the blood suply to the bone
What is the secondary ossification center
This is where it is divided by a plate and a second blood vessel starts to form
What divides the primary osfication center and the secondary ossification center
An epiphyseal plate
What happens to epiphyseal plates when you get older
The bones fuse together and you have epiphyseal lines
What are the two types of bone
Cortical bone which is compact bone and trabecular bone which is spongy bone
What is bone production
Osteoblasts
What is bone loss
Osteoclats
What gender grows more bone mass
Males
What does aging cause for bones
Loss of bone mass decrease in calcium
Increases brittelness
Decrease in Collagen syntheis
How can we alter bone absorption
Mechanical stress can promote bone growth however lacking these forces can contribute to bone loss
What are fractures that happen when you are younger
A green stick fracture its like a new stick it bends
What is an epiphyseal fracture and what age does it occur
In younger children and it is the seperation of the epiphyseal plate
What is the spiral fracture
It is usally when you have a twisted motion and the crack wraps around your bone like a corkscrew
What is a depressed fracture
When your skull gets caves in or bones that are flat or rounded this happens in older people
What is a compression fracture
This happens in older people because a bone is more brittle and the vertbrate compress when you fall
What is a comminuted fracture
This happens in older people when it breaks in three different spots
What is the point in long bones
Structure and limb mobility
eg Femur
What is the feature of short bones
Support and stability there smaller more compact
What is the features of flat bones
Protection and muscle attachment
What is the feature of seasmoid bones
Tendon protection and efficency
What are the functions of irregular bones
Muscle attachment and protection
What is a facet
A small flat articular surface
What is condyle
Round articular promience at the end of a bone
Whats a Fossa
Cup like depression
What are articulations
2 bones that are touching to form joint
What are the 3 main parts of a bone
Head- rounded articular end
Neck- constriction between head and shaft
Shaft- main body of long bone
What is a process
Outgrowth or projection
What is a crest
A ridge where a long ridges where muscle attaches onto
What is a tubercle
This is a rounded projection usually smooth
What is an epicondyle
Projection above a condyle
What is a tuberosity
A rough projection this is a bump that is pulled out
What is a trochanter
Large blunt elevation
What are attachments
They are projections that serve as anchor points for muscle tenedons or fibrous ligaments
What is a line in the bone
This is a linear elevated ridge
What is a foramen
Opening or hole
What is a notch
A indentation on edge of bone
What is a groove
Elongated depression
What is meatus
A canal
What is fissure
Natural division or crevice cracks in the bone
What is Sinus
Cavity within back of the skull
What does joint articulation =
arthorsis a site where two skeletal elements come together or articulate
What are soild joints
Very stable and do not facilitate much if any movment
What are synovial joints
Specalized to allow for huge amounts of movment an
What are the two types of soild joints
Fibrous joins- very fixed
Cartilaginous- are very stable but they typically allow for a small ammount of movment or felxibility
What are some examples of Fibrous joints
Syndesmosis
Suture
Gomphosis
What are some example of cartilaginous joints
Symphysis which is fibrocartilage and are pieces that exist
Synchondrosis Hyaline cartialge this is bone fuses into cartilage
What are synovial joints used for
Specialized for large amounts of movement
What are some features of a a synovial joint
You have these pieces of Articular cartilage (Hyaline ) really smooth and can rock back and forth
In the joint capusle which has the fibrous membrane and synovial membrane the synovial membrane
And then the Synovial cavity which holds the synovial fluid
What are articular discs
Increase stability of joint
What is Bursae
Fluid filled sacs in the tissues to allow this to roll
What are tendionous synovial sheaths
Allow the tendons to move
What are biaxial movments of synovial joints
Saddle rock back and forth your thumb
Condyloid
Planar which is gliding
What are uniaxial joints
Pivot
Hinge
What is multiaxial
Whole range of planes like your shoulder
What bone is your funny bone
The ulna
What is part of your pectoral girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
What makes up your hand
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What makes up the Pelvic girdle
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What are the parts of the Thigh
Femur
Patella (knee cap)
What bones make up the leg
Tibia ( shin)
Fibula
What are the parts of the foot
Metatarsals
Phalanges
How many bones are there in the Skull
22
What are the two cranium and how many bones are there
Neurocranium holds the brain=8
Viscerocranium =14
Facial Skeleton
jaw bone
What are the bones in the Neurocranium
Occipital
Sphenoid
Parietal (2)
Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal (2)
Where is the occipital bone
The back of the skull
Where is the sphenoid bone
Located behind the eyes looks like a bat
Where is the Ethmoid bone
Behind the nose
Where is the Frontal bone
At the front of the skull
Where is the temporal bones
Located near the ears two of them
Where is there Parietal Bones
Where the plam of the hand is near the ears and frontal
Where is the coronal suture
Its the frontal lobe to the tempeoral bone connect
Where is the Squamoid suture
Outlines the temporal bones
Where is the sagital suture
Connects at the front and goes down the middle and connects to the lambodid suture
Where is the lambdoid suture
Outlines the occiptal bone
What is the occipital protuberance
Bump at the back of the bone and attaches to the muscle
What are Fontanels
They are soft sopts in the neonatal skull pilable for childbirth and facilitate rapid brain growth
Where is the anterolateral fontanel
Its near the front where the eyes are
Where is the anterior font
At the top of the skull
Where is the posterolateral fontanel
Near the back on the side
Where is the posterior fontanel
Its a tiny spot on the very back of the head
Where is the maxilla bones
They are at the front side of the nose and the front part of the teeth
Where is the mandible
The jaw
Where are the zygomatic bones
Cheeckbones
Where is the nasal bones
At the top of the nose
Where is the lacrimal bones
Right by the eyes and nose
Where is the Inferio nasal conchae
Its behind the nose
Where is the Vomer bone
Connects the mouth and the nose
What is the chin called
Mental process
What is the thing that connects the mandible and the temporal bone
The condylar process
What is the ramus
Big part of the jaw thats after your teeth where the angle is
where is the tempormandibular joint
The tempormandibular joint connects your lower jaw to your skull
How many vertbrate is the spinal column made up of
24
What are the the 3 sections and how many vertbrate
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
How many vertrbate are in the Sacrum and Coccyx
Sacrum is 5 fused vertbrate
Coccyz is 3-5 fused vertbrate
What seprates the vertbrate
Intervertebral discs
What sticks out and what curves in of the spine
The cervical lordosis curves in
Thoracic kyphosis sticks out
Lumbar lordosis goes is
Sacral kyphosis sticks out
What is the Hyoid bone
This is an irregular floating bone
What are zygapophyseal joints
Slinding synovial joints sustaning the most movment
What is the different parts of the verterbrae
The verterbral body which is the disc
The pedicles which is the feet of the arch
Trasverse process which stick out for multiple attachments
the Articular procsses
The lamina which curves
The spinous process stacking outwards of your spine
Where does the spinal cord go through
The verterbral foraman
What characterstics to cervical vertbrae have
Look like sid the sloth
Bifid spinous process which is a split at the top
Tranverse foramen for a structure to pass through
How can you get a stroke
A shift in the cervical vertebral can cause arteries to move and cause a stroke
What are characteristics of a thoracic vertebrate
Inferior ans uperior costal facet where ribs go
Heart shaped body
Looks like a giraffe
What are charaterstics of lumbar vertbrate
They have a costal process where rips were formed but they just stick out
Looks like a moose
What are some chatacterstics of Special Vertbrate Atlas C1
Superior articular facet harder for the skull
Anterior tubercule
Facet for dens
What are some features of special vertbrate of Axis C2
Anterio articular facet
Dens pointy upward piece looks like a tooth
What is the altanto-occipital joint for
Flexion and Extension
What is the Atlanto-axial joints for
Rotation
What are some features of Sacrum
Sacral promontory which is the point at the top
Articular surface fuse together to make hip bones
What is the posteriaor sacral foramina
Where nerves exit
Where is the sacral canal
At the top the hole
Where is the sacral hiatus
At the bottom near the coccyz
Where is the promontory
At the top of the sacrum
What are the to facets of the vertbrate
Demi facets interacts with the head of the rib
Costal facets
What joint is the ribs and the vertbrate connect
The costovertebral joint and attaches again at the costotransverse joint where the ribs articulate
What makes up the sternum
The Manubrium the Handle
The body
Xiphoid process like a tie
How many ribs do we have and how many true ribs
We have 1-12 ribs and
1-7 true ribs
Why are 8,9,10 false ribs
Join carilage before sternum lift the chest
What are 11 and 12 ribs
Floating irbs
