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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

A neutral state that is maintained in body for stability despite changing internal and external environments it happens automatic and unconsicously to maintain a stable state in our body

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2
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

Receives sensory input from peripheral nervous system and reacts to maintain homestasis
Visceral pain
Strech receptors
Chemoreceptors
Sends motor signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

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3
Q

What are other structures that are closely related to the hypothalamus that plays a large role in regulating mood

A

The pituitary gland and the endocrine structure

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4
Q

What are some things that happen when we stand up

A

Gravity causes blood to pool in lower limbs
Blood pressure drops in systemic arteries
Decreased firing rate of visceral receptors in carotid sinus and arch of arota
Integrated in brainstem and hypothalamus
Efferent motor pathway
Increase in heart rate and contraction force SNS increase PNS decreases
Increase in blood pressure

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5
Q

What is our system doing when we stand up

A

Levarging our somatic system to force our autonomic system into a sympathetic state

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6
Q

How can we manipulate our autonomic state in a productive and healthy way

A

Exercise

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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system

A

Component of the peripheral nervous system
Involuntary control of viscera

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8
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
Feed and breed
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight flight or fright

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9
Q

What is visceral afferents

A

Sensory input from organs

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10
Q

What is visceral efferents

A

Motor output to organs
Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glands

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11
Q

Where to the sympathetic and parasympathetic system travel

A

Sympathetic innervention travels through the sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic system is craniosacral involves cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves

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12
Q

What is the somatic system

A

General Sensory
Musculoskeletal movement’s and reflexes (motor)

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13
Q

Whats the difference between somatic vs autonomic neurons

A

Somatic motor system is a one neuron system
Visceral motor system has two neurons

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14
Q

What are the two neurons in the visceral system

A

Presynpatic neuron extending from the CNS and a postsynaptic neuron in the PNS

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15
Q

What is the SNS neuron built like

A

Short presynpatic neuron (Myelinated)
Sympathetic Ganglion is Acetylchlorine
Long postsynaptic neuron
Unmyelinated
Nor(Epinephrine to the target organ

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16
Q

What is the PSNS built like

A

Long presynaptic neuron (Myelinated)
A parasympathetic ganglion (Acetylchloine)
Short postsynaptic neuron with acetylcholine to target organ

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17
Q

What does the length of the presynaptic neuron dictate

A

Where the peripheral ganglia will be found

18
Q

What does the SNS and PSNS do to the heart rate lungs and digestive tract

A

SNS increase heart rate
PSNS decrease heart rate
SNS Bronchodilation faster breath rate
PSNS Bronchoconstriction slower breath rate
SNS Decrease in digestive activity, blood diverted to periphery
PSNS increase is digestive activity

19
Q

What does the SNS and PSNS do to salvia and tear pupils and reproductive parts

A

SNS saliva and tear production is down
PSNS increase in Saliva and tear
SNS pupillary dilation
PSNS pupillary constriction
SNS orgasm/ejaculation decrease in urinary function
PSNS arousal/erection
Increase in urinary function

20
Q

Where are sympathetic neurons coming from

A

Arise from the lateral horn of the spinal cord at levels T1-L2 and join the sympathetic trunk

21
Q

What happens in the sympathetic trunk above T1

A

Signals can only leave sympathetic trunk-they can’t join

22
Q

Where do all sympathetic fibers enter

A

Between T1 and L2 spinal levels

23
Q

What happens below L2

A

Signals can only leave sympathetic trunk they cant join

24
Q

What do presynaptic neurons create

A

White rami when they enter the sympathetic trunk

25
Q

What do postsynpatic neurons create

A

The create gray rami communicantes as they leave the sympathetic trunk

26
Q

Where can sympathetic neurons synaps

A

They can exit the same level that they orginated at or they can ascend or descend to synpase and exit at different levels

27
Q

Are there white rami above T1 or below L2

A

No

28
Q

What are splanchnic nerves

A

They are presynaptic neurons that can exit the sympathetic trunk without synapsisng which they actually synapse at more distal ganglia in the abodomen

29
Q

Where else can splanchnic nerves synpase

A

In the adrenal glands which is when you get that feeling in your stomach

30
Q

What is a visceral afferent neuron

A

It is following the pathway with somatosensory fibers it is neurons coming back at the same time which confuses our brain

31
Q

What is referred pain

A

Because the visceral sensory fibers of the sympathetic system follow the same as the somatic sensory fibers it confuses our brain and we think pain is coming from somewhere else

32
Q

Whats the difference between pain from outisde and inside

A

Brain can understand the paint from the outside but it can not process the pain from the inside

33
Q

What is the parasympathetic system

A

It is craniosacral

34
Q

What is the oculomotor

A

It is the cranial nerve that moves our eyes and either lets in more light or constriction less light

35
Q

What does the parasympathetic do to the oculomotor

A

It interacts with the sphincter pupillae to constrictie the pupil

36
Q

What does the sympathetic sysetm do to the oculomotor

A

It interacts with the ilator pupilae and dilates the pupil

37
Q

What is the facial cranial nerve do

A

It controls the salivary glands (sublingual and submandibular) and lacrimal glands along with mucosal gland to produce extra mucus

38
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve do

A

Controls the Partoid galnd which produces and excretes saliva into the mouth to aid in digestion
And the cartiod sinus contains chemoreceptors that help to sense changes in our blood pressure

39
Q

What does the Vaguse cranial nerve do

A

It is the most wide spread crainal nerve providng the vast majority of parasympathetic innervation to the body means wander
Innervation to thoraci and upper abdominal organs

40
Q

Can mindful breathing help with stress

A

Yes it can leverage the somatic system to activate the parasympathetic system and reduce the harmful effects

Anatomy (8 decks)

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