Muscle Flashcards
What are the three types of muscles?
Smooth (involuntary)
Skeletal (striated, voluntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)
What is the name for the mechanism by which muscles move?
Sliding filament
What are the two main proteins involved in the sliding filament mechanism?
Actin
Myosin
What causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell to open, releasing calcium ions which make the filaments slide and the muscle contract?
Nerve impulses
What is the name of the place where a nerve cell attaches to a muscle cell?
Neuromuscular junction
What is the generic name for the type of molecule that the nerve cell releases that caused the muscle to contract?
Neurotransmitter
What gives muscles their tone?
Muscle tone is the amount of tension in muscles.
Muscle tone can be affected by stress, febrile state, body position, pain, medical conditions, medication, CNS arousal, and degree of volitional movement.
Muscle tone is maintained by a normal reflex arc.
Where does the energy in the ATP that powers the muscles come from?
Energy bonds in food molecules
What is the molecule to which the energy from the food is transferred to for storage?
ATP
(Or, ADP, which then becomes ATP)
The bonds in food molecules are “broken” by burning of oxygen inside the cell. Where does the oxygen come from?
Oxygen is breathed into lungs, transferred into blood, transported into cells
Give one reason why muscles become stiff if we don’t stretch
Cross bridges form between myosin and actin
What are the two divisions of the nervous system called?
Autonomic (involuntary)
Somatic (voluntary)
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
What is the distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle?
It is auto rhythmic
How does muscle attach to bone?
Via a tendon
