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APP Foundations > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is blood?

A

Blood is connective tissue

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2
Q

What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the venules?

A

85%

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3
Q

What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the lymph vessels?

A

15%

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4
Q

What % of blood is liquid (plasma) ?

A

55%

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5
Q

What % of blood plasma is water?

A

92%

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6
Q

What % of the formed elements in blood is white blood cells?

A

1%

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of formed elements in blood?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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8
Q

Where are the pluripotent stem cells located?

A

In bones

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9
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A

90-120 days (3-4 months)

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10
Q

Why can’t RBCs repair themselves?

A

They contain no nucleus or organelles

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11
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood

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12
Q

What is haemophilia?

A

Inherited deficiency of clotting causing spontaneous bleeding on minor trauma

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13
Q

What is jaundice and what causes it?

A

Jaundice is the yellowing of skin and eyes. It is caused by bilirubin in the blood

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14
Q

What are leucocytes?

A

White blood cells

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15
Q

What are WBCs involved in?

A

Body defense

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16
Q

How do WBCs escape from blood vessels?

A

Squeeze between the gaps between the cells that make up the blood vessel walls

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17
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Abnormal WBCs multiplying uncontrollably

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18
Q

What do platelets (thrombocytes) do?

A

Platelets Help plug holes in blood vessel walls and make blood clot (haemostasis)

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19
Q

Why do clots often form in veins?

A

Blood flows slowly there

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20
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The pericardium is the fibrous “balloon” in which the heart sits

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21
Q

What does it mean to say that the circulation of the blood is a double circulation ?

A

For each circulation of the blood round the body the blood goes through the heart twice

22
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

23
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

24
Q

What are the 2 main blood vessels bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

A

SVC
IVC

25
Q

What is the main blood vessel sending oxygenated blood around the body?

A

Aorta

26
Q

How many valves are there in the heart, and what are the 2 main types of valve?

A

There are 4 valves in the heart
The two main are semi lunar and cuspid

27
Q

What is oedema?

A

Swelling

28
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The muscle layer of the heart wall

29
Q

What is special about 1% of the heart muscle cells?

A

They are autorhythmic

30
Q

The SA node generates impulses 90-100 x per minute. The parasympathetic Nervous System slows this down to what?

A

75 x per minute

31
Q

What is an ectopic pacemaker?

A

Parts other than the SA node becoming excitable

32
Q

Give another name for an abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmia

33
Q

The first thing the heart does is supply itself – how?

A

Via coronary arteries

34
Q

What are anastamoses?

A

Connections between the coronary arteries

35
Q

What is the number 1 risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease?

A

Smoking

36
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

temporary lack of oxygen to the heart

37
Q

what is an aneurysm?

A

A bulge in the artery wall

38
Q

What’s the difference between an embolus and a thrombus?

A

Embolus- bit broken off on the move
Thrombus- static blockage

39
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

Heart muscle cell death due to lack of oxygen

40
Q

What may cause a heart murmur?

A

Leaking heart valves

41
Q

What are 3 things that control heart rate?

A

Autonomic nervous system
Hormones
Age
Gender
Fever
Low body temperature

42
Q

Why do muscular arteries have a lot of smooth muscle?

A

To control blood flow to specific areas

43
Q

Which part of the nervous system connects with the blood vessels – sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

Why are venules and veins thinner than arteries and arterioles?

A

There is less pressure

45
Q

What stops blood in veins flowing backwards?

A

Valves

46
Q

What is a DVT?

A

A blood clot in the deep veins of the legs

47
Q

What is a ‘normal’ volume of blood?

A

5 litres

48
Q

What are the 3 factors effecting blood flow in blood vessels?

A

Blood vessel diameter
Blood thickness (red blood vessels and plasma)
Length of blood vessels

49
Q

What is the officially defined ‘normal’ blood pressure?

A

120/80

50
Q

What is Essential hypertension?

A

Not dependent on another condition (ie lifestyle)

APP Foundations (9 decks)

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