Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What kind of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

Blood is connective tissue

Question 2

What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the venules?

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

What % of the blood that leaks out of the capillaries returns via the lymph vessels?

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

What % of blood is liquid (plasma) ?

Answer 4

55%

Question 5

What % of blood plasma is water?

Answer 5

92%

Question 6

What % of the formed elements in blood is white blood cells?

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

What are the 3 components of formed elements in blood?

Answer 7

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 8

Where are the pluripotent stem cells located?

Answer 8

In bones

Question 9

How long do RBCs live?

Answer 9

90-120 days (3-4 months)

Question 10

Why can’t RBCs repair themselves?

Answer 10

They contain no nucleus or organelles

Question 11

What is anaemia?

Answer 11

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Question 12

What is haemophilia?

Answer 12

Inherited deficiency of clotting causing spontaneous bleeding on minor trauma

Question 13

What is jaundice and what causes it?

Answer 13

Jaundice is the yellowing of skin and eyes. It is caused by bilirubin in the blood

Question 14

What are leucocytes?

Answer 14

White blood cells

Question 15

What are WBCs involved in?

Answer 15

Body defense

Question 16

How do WBCs escape from blood vessels?

Answer 16

Squeeze between the gaps between the cells that make up the blood vessel walls

Question 17

What is leukaemia?

Answer 17

Abnormal WBCs multiplying uncontrollably

Question 18

What do platelets (thrombocytes) do?

Answer 18

Platelets Help plug holes in blood vessel walls and make blood clot (haemostasis)

Question 19

Why do clots often form in veins?

Answer 19

Blood flows slowly there

Question 20

What is the pericardium?

Answer 20

The pericardium is the fibrous “balloon” in which the heart sits

Question 21

What does it mean to say that the circulation of the blood is a double circulation ?

Answer 21

For each circulation of the blood round the body the blood goes through the heart twice

Question 22

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 22

Pulmonary arteries

Question 23

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Answer 23

Pulmonary veins

Question 24

What are the 2 main blood vessels bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Answer 24

SVC
IVC

Question 25

What is the main blood vessel sending oxygenated blood around the body?

Answer 25

Aorta

Question 26

How many valves are there in the heart, and what are the 2 main types of valve?

Answer 26

There are 4 valves in the heart The two main are semi lunar and cuspid

Question 27

What is oedema?

Answer 27

Swelling

Question 28

What is the myocardium?

Answer 28

The muscle layer of the heart wall

Question 29

What is special about 1% of the heart muscle cells?

Answer 29

They are autorhythmic

Question 30

The SA node generates impulses 90-100 x per minute. The parasympathetic Nervous System slows this down to what?

Answer 30

75 x per minute

Question 31

What is an ectopic pacemaker?

Answer 31

Parts other than the SA node becoming excitable

Question 32

Give another name for an abnormal heart rhythm

Answer 32

Arrhythmia

Question 33

The first thing the heart does is supply itself – how?

Answer 33

Via coronary arteries

Question 34

What are anastamoses?

Answer 34

Connections between the coronary arteries

Question 35

What is the number 1 risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease?

Answer 35

Smoking

Question 36

What is angina pectoris?

Answer 36

temporary lack of oxygen to the heart

Question 37

what is an aneurysm?

Answer 37

A bulge in the artery wall

Question 38

What’s the difference between an embolus and a thrombus?

Answer 38

Embolus- bit broken off on the move Thrombus- static blockage

Question 39

What is a heart attack?

Answer 39

Heart muscle cell death due to lack of oxygen

Question 40

What may cause a heart murmur?

Answer 40

Leaking heart valves

Question 41

What are 3 things that control heart rate?

Answer 41

Autonomic nervous system Hormones Age Gender Fever Low body temperature

Question 42

Why do muscular arteries have a lot of smooth muscle?

Answer 42

To control blood flow to specific areas

Question 43

Which part of the nervous system connects with the blood vessels – sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both?

Answer 43

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 44

Why are venules and veins thinner than arteries and arterioles?

Answer 44

There is less pressure

Question 45

What stops blood in veins flowing backwards?

Answer 45

Valves

Question 46

What is a DVT?

Answer 46

A blood clot in the deep veins of the legs

Question 47

What is a ‘normal’ volume of blood?

Answer 47

5 litres

Question 48

What are the 3 factors effecting blood flow in blood vessels?

Answer 48

Blood vessel diameter Blood thickness (red blood vessels and plasma) Length of blood vessels

Question 49

What is the officially defined ‘normal’ blood pressure?

Answer 49

120/80

Question 50

What is Essential hypertension?

Answer 50

Not dependent on another condition (ie lifestyle)