Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What is MS?
Multiple sclerosis
Chronic progressive demyelination of neurones in the CNS
Where is myelin found?
CNS - oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells
What are the types of MS?
Relapsing-remitting
Secondary progressive
Primary progressive
What is relapsing-remitting disease?
Most common form
Acute attacks followed by periods of remission
What is secondary progressive disease?
Relapsing-remitting disease who have deteriorated and have symptoms between relapses
What is primary progressive disease?
Progressive deterioration from onset
What are features of MS?
Optic neuritis
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Focal weakness
Ataxia
`What is optic neuritis?
Inflammation of optic nerve
What are features of optic neuritis?
Central scotoma = enlarged blindspot
Pain on eye movement
RAPD
Reduced colour vision
What is internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Unilateral lesions in the CNVI
What are features of INO?
Impaired ipsilateral adduction
Horizontal nystagmus + dipolopia
How is MS investigated?
Diagnosis by a neurologist
MRI
- periventricular plaques
LP
- oligoclonal bands
- raised IgG
What else can cause optic neuritis?
Sarcoidosis
SLE
Diabetes
Syphilis
How is MS managed?
Relapses
- methylprednisolone 500mg for 5 days
B-interferon
Symptomatic relief
