Intracranial Haemorrhages Flashcards
Where does extradural haemorrhage occur?
Between skull and dura
What is the pathophysiology of extradural haemorrhage?
Trauma to middle meningeal artery - weakest at pterion
Lucid interval due to time taken for compression to occur
What are features of of extradural haemorrhage?
History of trauma
Lucid interval
Compressive symptoms
- headache
- visual disturbance
- N+V
How is suspected extradural haemorrhage investigated?
Non-contrast CT head
Bloods
- FBC
- U+Es
- clotting screen
What is seen on a head CT with an extradural haemorrhage?
Biconvex bleed
Limited by sutures
How is an extradural haemorrhage managed?
Surgery
Where does a subdural haemorrhage occur?
Between dura + arachnoid
What is the pathophysiology of subdural haemorrhage?
Tearing of bridging veins
How is a subdural haemorrhage investigated?
Non-contrast head CT
Bloods
- FBC
- U+Es
- clotting screen
What is seen on a head CT with a subdural haemorrhage?
Crescent shaped bleed
How is a subdural haemorrhage managed?
Surgery
Where does a intracerebral haemorrhage occur?
Bleed into brain parenchyma
What are the primary causes of intracerebral haemorrhages?
HTN
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
What are the secondary causes of intracerebral haemorrhages?
Trauma
Tumour
AVMs
What are risk factors for intracerebral haemorrhages?
HTN
Increasing age
Male
Drug/alcohol use
