Multiple Gestations Flashcards
What does monozygotic mean?
1 fertilized ovum
pg. E 186
What does dizygotic mean?
2 ova are fertilized by 2 sperm
pg. E 186
What are the characteristics of dizygotic twins?
2 chorions
2 amnions
2 placentas (could be fused)
pg. E 186
What is more common monozygotic or dizygotic?
dizygotic
pg. E 186
What is a monozygotic pregnancy that divides during the first 3-5 days of gestation?
dichorionic diamniotic
pg. E 187 O 404
What are the characteristics of a dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy?
2 gestational sacs 1 or 2 placentas thick membrane identical to dizygotic pg. E 187
What is a monozygotic pregnancy that divides 5-10 days after fertilization?
monochorionic diamniotic
pg. E 187 O 404
What are the characteristics of a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy?
2 gestational sacs 1 placenta thin membrane most common type of monozygotic twins pg. E 187 O 404
What is a monozygotic pregnancy that divides 10-14 days after fertilization?
monochorionic monoamniotic
pg. E 187 O 404
What are the characteristics of a monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy?
1 gestational sac
1 placenta
no membrane
pg. E 187 O 404
What are twins that divide after 13 days gestation?
conjoined twins
pg. E 187
What clinical findings are associated with multiple gestations?
elevated hCG
elevated MSAFP
large for dates
pg. E 188
What are possible maternal complications with multiples?
HTN pre-eclampsia placental abruption post-partum hemorrhage pre term delivery anemia pg. E 188
What are possible fetal complications with multiples?
prolaspe, entanglement of cord cord knots (mono mono) IUGR increased risk of fetal anomalies pg. E 188
What is a vanishing twin?
early demise of one embryo
pg. E 188 O 405
What happens to the twin that vanishes?
typically resorbed and can mimic an implantational bleed
pg. E 188 O 405
What is another name for twin-to-twin transfusion?
Poly-Oli sequence
pg. E 189
What type of twins can have twin-to-twin transfusion?
monozygotic monochorionic
same sex
one placenta
pg. E 189 O 405
What is twin to twin transfusion?
arterial blood from one twin (donor) pumps into venous system of other twin (recipient) (arteriovenous anastomosis)
pg. E 405
What is the outcome of twin-to-twin transfusion?
Donor twin is IUGR and oligohydramnios
Recipient develops hydrops fetalis and polyhydramnios
pg. E 189 O 405
What is stuck twin phenomenon?
finding associated with twin to twin transfusion "poli-oli" sequence one twin has polyhydramnios other twin has oligohydramnios pg. E 189 O 405
What is twin embolization syndrome?
Dead twin passes thromboplastic material or blood clots to live twin
pg. E 189
What can result in twin embolization syndrome?
intrauterine death of live twin hydrops polyhydramnios intraparenchymal hemorrhage porencephaly ventriculomegaly enlarged, echogenic kidneys pg. E 190
What is an acardiac twin?
upper body not fully developed
pg. E 190 O 405
What is the most common type of conjoined twins?
thoracopagus
pg. E 190
What is a omphalopagus conjoined twin?
joined from xiphoid to umbilicus
pg. E 190
What is a pyopagus conjoined twin?
joined at sacrum
pg. E 190
What is a ischiopagus conjoined twin?
joined at ischium/pelvis
pg. E 190
What is a craniopagus conjoined twin?
joined at the head
pg. E 190
What can the number of yolk sacs determine?
Amnionicity
