2nd & 3rd Tri: Abdomen & GI Tract

Question 1

What lobe of the fetal liver is larger?

Answer 1

left lobe

pg. 100

Question 2

At what weeks do the contents return to the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

by 12 weeks

pg. E 100

Question 3

What is gastroschisis?

Answer 3

Protrusion of the intestines right of the umbilical cord insertion
not covered by a sac
not associated with other anomalies
pg. E 100

Question 4

What is omphalocele?

Answer 4

Failure of the intestinesto return to the abdomen
covered by a membrane
associated with cardiac defects and chromosomal abnormalities
pg. E 101

Question 5

What is bladder exstrophy?

Answer 5

herniation of bladder
midline pelvis defect
associated with genital anomalies
pg. E 102

Question 6

How often does esophageal atresia occur?

Answer 6

1: 2000-3000 live births

pg. E 103

Question 7

What is the sonographic appearance of esophageal atresia?

Answer 7

small or absent stomach
polyhydramnios
not always able to detech

Question 8

What is the most common perinatal intestinal obstruction?

Answer 8

Duodenal atresia

pg. E 104

Question 9

What is duodenal atresia associated with?

Answer 9

karyotypic abnormality
cardiac and vertebral anomalies
Trisomy 21
pg. E 104 O 392

Question 10

What are the sonographic findings of duodenal atresia?

Answer 10

“double bubble” - dilated stomach and prox duodenum
polyhydramnios
not usually apparent until 24 wks +
pg. E 104 O 392

Question 11

What is intestinal (bowel) atresia?

Answer 11

obstruction of intestine with distentions of bowel loops

pg. E 104 O 392

Question 12

What are the sonographic findings of intestinal (bowel) atresia?

Answer 12

fluid filled bowel loops
small bowel > 7 mm
increased bowel peristalsis
perforations possible- calcifications and ascites
polyhydramnios
pg. E 104 O 392

Question 13

What is meconium peritonitis?

Answer 13

sterile chemical peritonitis caused by small bowel perforations
pg. E 105 O 393

Question 14

What causes meconium peritonitis?

Answer 14

cystic fibrosis
bowel atresia
meconium ileus
pg. E 105 O 393

Question 15

What are the sonographic findings of meconium peritonitis?

Answer 15

calcifications in fetal abdomen
bowel dilatation
ascites and polyhydramnios
meconium psuedocyst
pg. E 105 O 393

Question 16

When does bowel fall into the criteria of hyperechoic?

Answer 16

when the bowel is as bright as adjacent bone

pg. E 105 O 392

Question 17

What are some causes for hyperechoic bowel?

Answer 17

normal variant
Trisomy 21
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
cystic fibrosis
IUGR 
pg. E 105 O 392

Question 18

What is fetal ascites called?

Answer 18

hydrops fetalis

pg. E 106

Question 19

What is persistent right umbilical vein?

Answer 19

umbilical vein courses to the left
the umb vein enters the right portal vein instead of left portal vein
not pathologic
pg. E 106

Question 20

What is meconium ileus?

Answer 20

thick meconium in distal ileum
associated with cystic fibrosis
pg. O 393

Question 21

Which fetal structure produces AFP?

Answer 21

Liver
Yolk sac
URR EXAM

Question 22

What is Hirschsprung disease?

Answer 22

Congenital megacolon

Dilated bowel loops

Question 23

The development of organs is usually complete by how many weeks?

Answer 23

8 weeks

Question 24

Anasarca is considered when the skin exceeds how many cm?

Answer 24

0.5 cm