Multi-hazardous environment - Philippines Flashcards
where is located continentally?
off mainland South east asia
how many islands?§
over 7,600
how people live there?
114 million people
how. does their economy compare to the rest of south east Asia?
4th richest
what is it now considered - economy wise?
a Newly Industrialised Country
how much of the population live below the poverty line?
21.6%
why do they get so many volcanoes and earthquakes?
on the western rim of the ‘pacific ring of fire’
bc of typhoons and volcanic activity what are they prone to ?
lahars
what primary natural hazards do they experience?
earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons
why are they prone to typhoons?
cross the pacific towards south east Asia
they are the most exposed country to what?
typhoons
how much of the national GDP do tropical storms cost?
0.5%
how many severe earthquakes did they have in 2018?
2
what volcano erruption was there in 2018?
mount mayon
how many typhoons and tropical storms were there in 2018?
9 and one super-typhoon in Mangkut
how many died in the Mangkut typhoon in 2018?
127 - mainly miners and families etc. due to a landslide
how many earthquakes were there between 2000-2017 of at least 6.0MW?
17
examples of bad earthquakes?
- 1976= off Mindanao - 7.9MW
- 1990 - Luzon - 7.8MW
- 2013 - Bohol - 7.2MW
how many died in 1976 Mindanao earthquake? why?
8,000 - tsunami and western shore flood
how many died in 1990 Luzon earthquake?
1,600
how many died and injured in 2013 Bohol earthquake?
killed 200 - injured 800
roughly how many active volcanoes are there?
23
3 major volcanoes (and when was their most violent eruption?)
Mayon (1814), Pinatubo (1991), Taal
how many people live in a 40km radius of Pinatubo?
500,000
what saved 5,000 people at Pinatubo?
early warnings and evacuations
what did pinatubo do?
hurled gases, ash and steam into the atmosphere cooling the worlds temp by 0.5oC
what killed 850 at pinatubo 1991?
deadly lahars bc of typhoon Yunya
what is the risk of Typhoons?
severe flooding, landslides and lahars (volcanic ash)
what have typhoons caused the highest number in?
deaths
typhoon Mangkhut waas the strongest to hit land since what?
typhoon Haiyan
how much did typhoon Mangkhut cost?
627 mill USD
what does the Red Cross say how many were affected I the worst places during typhoon Mangkhut?
3 million
bc of typhoon Mangkhut how many were further affected further south due to floodinG?
11 million
what can hazards be the direct cause of?
Tsunamis, Landslides, flooding, fires and lahars
how many disasters have they had?
over 300
what does the gov say has happened to typhoons?
more severe due to climate change
what has worsened effects of hazards?
people live in low-lying, cheap and crowded housing excellerated by rapid urbanisation and environmental degradation - deforestation
what has environmental degradation increased?
landslides and flooding bc more surface runoff
what do instituational arrangements an disaster management rely on?
response and reactive approach
for responses what is their emphasis on?
post-disaster relief and short term preparations –> centralised top-down administrative system
examples of centralised top-down administrative system?
community based and local initiatives
what should the response be?
bottom up - help most vulnerable
example of bottom up initiative?
Phillipines National Red Cross (PNRC)
what is the aim of the PNRC?
reduce impacts of natural disasters
how do the PNRC want to reduce impacts of natural disaster?
encourage collaboration in lives and recourses
what areas do the PNRC want to address?
- partnership of gov bodies to gain finance for mitigation
- educate locals on disaster management
- identify risk. - land use maps and make mitigation methods choices
- do mitigation - physical or health related (clean water)
what two ways are Filipino people described?
resilient or fatalistic
what do the UN say about the Filipino central gov. ?
best risk reduction laws globally?
what is the problem with risk reduction laws?
only on paper
what has been the problem with responses and government?
bc of 7,600 islands - responsibility is local - money not wisely spent
bc of a new legislation, how much of disaster spending money is long-term?
70%
bc of a new legislation, how much of disaster spending money is short-term - emergency aid?
30%
