Mudule 2-d Flashcards
Significance of Body mechanics
Efficient use of the body as a machine, effective functioning, evident in every activity and rest
Concept of body mechanics
The body is typically balanced with correct posture, the wider the base, the better the support. Functioning of the musculoskeletal system.
Guidelines for body mechanics
erect posture, longest and strongest, internal girdle and long midriff, center of gravity closest to the object, slide-roll-push (rather then left), flex knees.
Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction
Isotonic- Muscle shortening, Active movement- walking, free weights
Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction
Isometric- no movement,contraction, no shortening, static conditions- holding
Exercise and Body Movement-Muscle contraction
Isokinetic- muscle contraction with resistance- stationary bike
Effects of Exercise on the body- Cardiovascular
Increase efficiency of the heart, decrease HR and BP, increase blood flow to all body parts, increased circulating fibrinolysin (breaks up small clots)
Effects of Exercise on the body- Respiatory
During exercise, depth of resp, rate, gas exchange, and CO2 excretion are all increased. Regular exercise leads to improved pulmonary functioning.
Effects of Exercise on the body- GI
Increased apetite, intestinal tone increased (improves digestion and elimination), weight control
Effects of Exercise on the body- Urinary
Kidneys work more efficiently, to ore efficiently excrete body wastes
Effects of Exercise on the body- Musculoskeletal
Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
Effects of Exercise on the body- Metabolic
Efficient metabolism and body temp. regulation increased.
Effects of Exercise on the body- Integument
overall general health of skin is increased.
Effects of Exercise on the body- Psychological
increased energy, vitality, and general well-being. Improved sleep and appearance (body image)
Positioning :prevention and complications
Fowlers- 45-60 (eating, cardiac, respiratory) Hand edema worsens, pressure ulcers, foot drop
Positioning :prevention and complications
Protective Supine(dorsal recumbent)- face up, surrounded by pillows, foot board
Positioning; prevention and complications
Protective side lying (lateral)- lying on one side, hips and shoulders aligned
Positioning; prevention and complications
Protective Sims- pillow between legs
Positioning; prevention and complications
Prone position- head to side
Stages of Sleep- NREM
Consists or 4 stages- Seps 1/2- 5-50% of sleep (light sleep, easily aroused) Stage 3/4-10% of sleep (deep sleep/ Delta sleep)
Stages of Sleep- REM
Dreaming sleep. 20-25% nightly sleep. More difficult to arouse then NREM.
Factors affecting sleep- Motivation
to be aware
Factors affecting sleep- Culture
influence w/ bedtime rituals, herbal remedies.
Factors affecting sleep- Physcial Activity/Exercise
^ REM/NREM sleep. 2 hr. before going to bed may hinder sleep
Factors affecting sleep- Diet
protein and carbs alter sleep
Factors affecting sleep- Enviromental
where you are physically
Factors affecting sleep- Psychological stress
stress, etc…
Factors affecting sleep- Illness
illness
Factors affecting sleep- Medications
can decrease REM. Amphetimines, diuretics, antidepressanst
Factors affecting sleep- Alcohol
large quantities stimulate, as well as caffiene and tabacco
Developmental Variations of sleep- Infant
less than 8 weeks, 16/24 hr/day- ^ 8 weeks- through the night, REM sleep. $ hr increments.
Developmental Variations of sleep- Toddler
10-12 hrs/day. ^ growth peaks.
Developmental Variations of sleep- Adolescent
Growth spurts require more sleep. Varies according to needs
Developmental Variations of sleep- Young adult
8 hrs. Less REM sleep. Lifestyle affects sleep
Developmental Variations of sleep- Middle adult
Less sleep time, arousal ^, awake time in bed ^
Developmental Variations of sleep- Older adult
awakens easily, less refreshed in the am. 5-7 sounds. Stage 4 absent or decreased. Pain and depression alter sleep patterns.
Sleep Disorder- Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep. ^ 60 woman, Hx of Depression
Sleep Disorder- Hypersomnia
day sleeping (depression)
Sleep Disorder- Narcolepsy
Fall asleep uncontrollably
Sleep Disorder- Sleep Apnea
Absense or diminished breathing. Damages the heart, no exchange of O2, collapse of the hypopharynx (needs CPAP)
Sleep Disorder- Restless leg syndrome
Inability to lie still, increasing urge to move legs, unpleasant sensations
Sleep Disorder- Sleep deprivation
decrease in the amount of quality sleep (irirability, psycosis)
Sleep Disorder- Parasomnias
Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Enuresis (bed wetting), Bruxism (teeth grinding)
Rest-Sleep Assessment
Sleep Diary- ID patient;s sleep patterns and ID effects on ADL’s. Use of sleep aids, assess disturbances
Strategies to promote rest and sleep
Restful environment, rituals, snacks, relaxation, comfort, patterns, schedule care, teaching.
Medications for sleep
Sedatives and Hypnotics- Benzodiazapines. Ativan
