Module 1-a Flashcards
Who is Florence Nightengale
Founder of modern nursing- affiliated schools with hospitals i.e- Jeff
Clara Barton
established the Red Cross
Dorothy Dix
Mental health
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
1st African American Nurse
Mary Nutting
1st professor of Nursing
Definition of Nursing
Latin Nutrix-to nourish, Art (application), Science (study of)
Autonomy
Making a good , informed decision for yourself, advocating for your patient
Aims of Nursing
1 Promote Health, 2 prevent illness, 3 restore health, 4 facilitate coping with disability or health
4 essential competencies to nursing
Cognitive, Technical, Interpersonal, Ethical/Legal
CODE OF CONDUCT
Cognitive Skills
Scientific rationale, interventions to yield desired outcomes, critical thinking to problem solve
Technical skills
use equipment confidently and adapt as needed
Interpersonal skills
Affirm persons worth, achieve values goals, work collaboratively
Ethical/Legal skills
Patient advocate, accountability, practice ethically
ADPIE
Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Culture
shared system of beliefs
Sterotyping
an assumption that all are alike
Subculture
a subgroup who have certain common characteristics
Influences on healthcare (cultural)
Physiologic reactions, mental health “norms”, gender roles, language and communication
Influences on healthcare
Orientation to time and place, food/nutrition, family support, socioeconomic factors, healers and therapies
Concept of Wellness
Concept vs Definition- Concept:phenomenon necessary for effective communication
Definition of Health
Definition- formal statement of the meaning or significance of a word or phrase
Concept of Illness
Individualized i.e Taking meds
Basic human needs
Maslow Hierarchy
Levels or Preventive care
Primary- health promotion (HIV neg). Primary promotion - vacs
Levels of Preventive care
Secondary- preventive care (Behavior change) Mammograms , referral to AA (RN–PT)
Levels of Preventive care
Tertiary- post diagnosis (Smoke cessation w/ cancer pt.) Support groups, going to AA (PT–AA)
Maslows Hierarchy
Based on the theory that something is a basic need if..1 .its absence results in illness,2 its presence prevents illness or signals health, 3 meeting it restores health,4 in unmet, it is preferred over other satisfactions, 5 if unmet, it is missed,6 when met, one is satisfied.
Maslows Hierarchy cont…Pyramid (bottom of pyramid) physiologic-safety and security-love and belonging-self esteem-self actualization
Physiologic- lowest level/highest priority. Physical needs, water, food, sleep, warmth, and exercise.
Maslow cont…
safety and Security-physical safety, economic security, freedom from threats
Maslow cont…
Social (belonging) acceptance, be part of a group, identify with a successful team
Maslow cont….
Ego (self esteem)- important projects, recognition from others, prestige, status
Maslow cont….
Self Actualization- Challenging projects, opportunities for innovations and creativity, learning and creating at a high levels.
Professional Ethical behaviors
Set of principles- ethics is a system dealing with standards of character and behavior related to what is right and wrong.
Principles or Bioethics
Autonomy, Nonmaleficience, Beneficience, Justice, Fidelity
Autonomy
self determination- being independent and self governing
Nonmaleficience
Causing no harm- principle of avoiding evil
Beneficience
Benefitting the patient- principle of doing good
Justice
Giving each patient due- process that distributes benefits, risks, costs fairly
Fidelity
Keeping promises, and commitments to others
Crime
wrongs against a person or property, against public, and punishable by state. Classified by criminal law by misdemeanor and felony
Torts
Violations against civil laws. Damages settled in money, intentional or unintentional.
Intentional Tort
Knowledge of legal limits- assault, threat, bodily contact, slander, libel, invasion of privacy
Unintentional Tort
Negligence- omission/ commision (wrong meds), Malpractice
Liability in Nursing Practice
Duty, breach of duty, causation(hardest to prove), and damages- Accountability for care (follow the standard of care)- manual for prtocols
ADPIE
ASSESSMENT-DIAGNOSE-OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING-IMPLEMENTATION-EVALUATION
Legal safeguards in nursing practice
Informed consent or refusal for treatment, contracts, competent practice (best legal safeguard), at education, executing physician orders, delegating nursing care, documentation, inceident reports, liability insurance
Financing Health care- Federal
Medicare part A and B- 65 ^, perm disabled workers, catastrophic injury. Medicaid- all ages 65 under
International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Influence policy and education
ANA
Educate the public, clinical nursing experience, fight for legislation.
National League for Nursing (NLN)
Improve nursing education and testing. Governing body. Accreditation of nursing programs. Certs for nursing educators.
Nurse Practice Act
Legal regulations to practice nursing. State regulates. Designed to protect the public.
Current trends in nursing
Chronic health conditions, advanced practice nurses, need for culturally competent care, use if complimentary therapies.
Self actualization needs
Highest level on the hierarchy of needs, which include the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities.
Veracity
Truth telling
