Module 1-b Flashcards
Communication Process
Making a meaning out of a conversation: exchange information, generate/exchange meaning, foundation of society, primary aspect of rn/pt interaction, fulfill needs, reciprocal process
Elements of Communication
Stimulus- need of pt, Source of Encoder-RN. Message-product of source, Channel-medium that channels the message, Receiver/Decoder-receive,translate,interpret, Feedback-received and understood, Noise-possible distraction
Levels of Communication
Intrapersonal-self taught, Interpersonal- 2 or more interacting/exchanging messages, Group-small or organizational, Group Dynamics- relations b/t group members
Ways of Communication
Verbal/Non-verbal
Types of non-verbal
touch, facial expressions, gait, appearance, eye contact, posture, gestures, silence/sounds
Phases of Helping relationship
Therapeutic, Nurse/Patient
Phases of Helping relationship
Orientation-roles are clarified, agreement established Working-RN/PT work together to meet pt needs/interpersonal , Termination- end of the shift, D/C for pt, potential for suggestion for future efforts.
Factors promoting Effective Communication
Therapeutic communication ADPIE (Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Factors promoting effective communication
Dispositional- self explanatory (warmth, empathy, etc…)
Factors promoting effective communication
Rapport builders- Standards- specific objectives, comfortable environment, privacy, pt focus, use of nursing observations, optimal pacing, respect personal space
Non-therapeutic responses
Unholistic approach, not listening, defensive, cliches’, closed ended questions, how/why, probing, leading questions, false assurance, changing the subject, judgemental
Therapeutic communication techniques
open ended questions, sit down/eye contact, exploring thoughts and feelings
Therapeutic comm. techniques
Validation
T C T- Clarifying
“I’m not sure I understand what you’ve said. Please tell me more about that
T C T- Reflecting
Pt-“ I think I need my medication”. RN-“You think you need your medication?”
T C T-Sequencing
“When did this happen? Was this before or after you took the medication?”
T C T- Directing
“What have you been told about decreasing salt in your diet?”
T C T- Humor
Humor
T C T- Touch
Touch-
Communication Techniques- different cultures
Patients from different cultures- be aware of…personal beliefs, comm. variables, modify to meet cultural needs,
Communication techniques- different cultures
non-threatening, validate communication, sexual matters reluctance/sensitivity, adopt special approaches, use interpreters (certified)
Communication - Children
touch, physical proximity, listening, visual communication, tome of voice, body language, timing
Famliy centered communication
establish rapport, available and open to questioning, family education and empowerment, conflict mgt, feedback, spirituality.
Special communication needs- Visually impaired
Acknowledge your presence, id yourself, normal tome, explain touching, indicate exiting, call bell in reach, orient to room and sounds
Special communication needs- Hearing impaired
Orient to your presence, talk directly, do not chew gum/cover mouth, use sign or finger spelling, write ideas when appropriate.
Special communication needs-Physical barrier/ET tube
Simple means, ensure all can use the device, patience and reinforcement, signaling for assistance.
Special communication needs- Cognitively impaired
eye contact, quiet, simple and concrete, patient (avoid open ended questioning)
Special communication needs- Unconscious pt
be careful of what is said (hearing is the last sense to go), assume the pt can hear you, speak before touching, keep noise low, talk in a normal tone.
Special communication needs- language barrier
Use certified interpreters ( language phone), pantomime ideas, non verbal
Priniciples of teaching/learning
Helping relationship, assess readiness, learning needs, develop outcomes, teaching plan, evaluate
