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Immunology > Mucosal Immunity (Davis) > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunity (Davis) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s mucosal immunity referred to as?

A

regional immunity

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2
Q

How is the mucosal immune system anatomically distinct?

A
  • diff. antibodies
  • diff. types of T cells
  • includes B-1 and MZ B-2 B cells
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3
Q

How is the mucosal immune system functionally distinct?

A
  • diff. physiological activities
  • diff. mechanisms of antigen uptake
  • diff. means of inducing (inductive sites) & carrying out immune functions (effector sites)
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4
Q

(T/F) In mucosal immunity, antigen has to cross epithelial barriers

A

TRUE

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5
Q

what are inductive sites?

A

where antigen is taken up, presented, lymphocytes are activated, & B cells undergo isotype switching/SHM

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6
Q

(T/F) Clonal proliferation does NOT occur at inductive site

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What are effector sites?

A

lymphocytes home back to these & secrete effector molecules

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8
Q

Compartmentalization is achieved:

A

through strong lymphocyte homing for mucosal tissues (large homing effect)

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9
Q

(T/F) most of our lymphocytes are in mucosal tissues have more deltagamma T cells more than alphabeta T cells

A

TRUE

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10
Q

The independent fetal development of what makes for a distinct immune response?

A

mesenteric LN’s & Peyer’s patches

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11
Q

(inductive sites) where is the immune response is induced?

A

O-MALT

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12
Q

4 anatomical areas of O-MALT?

A
  • GALT
  • NALT
  • BALT
  • RALT
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13
Q

D-MALT contains what sites?

A

effector sites: where antibodies are secreted

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14
Q

What is spread throughout mucosal tissues and contains lamina propria, salivary glands?

A

D-MALT

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15
Q

Lamina propria is..?

A

underlying connective tissue that contains blood vessels, as well as specialized cells

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16
Q

(innate) the gut mucosa protects us from infxns by:

A
  • mucus
  • glycocalyx
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • C-type lectins
  • localized PRRs
  • mucin decoy molecules
  • ILCs
  • inhibition of inflammation
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17
Q

what induces the production of mucin molecules?

A

IL-5, IL-13

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18
Q

how does mucus help us?

A

thick layer keeps pathogens from reaching surface of gut epithelium

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19
Q

how does the glycocalyx act as a physical barrier?

A

prevents microbes from making contact w/ epithelial layer

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20
Q

(T/F) antimicrobial peptides affect our natural gut mucosa

A

FALSE; they do not affect

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21
Q

the main antimicrobial peptides in the small intestine are?

A

alpha defensins- produced by paneth cells

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22
Q

main antimicrobial peptides in large intestine are?

A

B-defensins- produced by absorptive epithelial cells

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23
Q

In response to inflammation, neutrophilic granules also contain what to help protect the colon?

A

alpha-defensins

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24
Q

What disease correlates with a defect in defensin production?

A

Chron’s disease

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25
Q

Paneth cells secrete ____ called regenerating islet-derived proteins (REG III)

A

C-type lectins

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26
Q

What do REG III lectin proteins do..?

A
  • block bacterial colonization of the mucosal epithelial surface
  • have bactericidal effects against G+ bacteria
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27
Q

TLR & NOD proteins are expressed only in certain cells/areas of the gut. they are activated upon what..?

A

upon bacterial invasion

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28
Q

TLR5 recognizes ___ and is expressed only on the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells

A

flagellin

29
Q

TLR signaling results in the secretion of..?

A

increased defensins, REG III protein lectins & IgA

30
Q

TLR and NOD proteins are examples of?

A

localized PRRs

31
Q

Mucin decoy molecules are shed from intestinal epithelial cells and bind to what..?

A

binds to adhesin proteins on the intestinal bacteria- this blocks them from binding to intestinal cells

32
Q

Innate lymphoid cells secrete cytokines in response to ___ (ILC-activating cytokines IL-1B)

A

alarmins

33
Q

Production of what increases production of mucus or defensins which enhance fxn of tight junctions?

A

Il-17, IL-22, IL-23

34
Q

Some gut macrophages have unique phenotype that secrete which anti-inflammatory?

A

IL-10

35
Q

(adaptive) The gut mucosa protects us from infxns by:

A
  • IgA, IgG, IgM,
  • specialized anatomy
  • strong homing/lymphocyte trafficking
36
Q

Isotype switching to IgA is induced by?

A

induced by TGF-B

37
Q

B cells are activated in ____ undergo isotype switching to IgA

A

Peyer’s patches

38
Q

Plasma cells home back to the ____ where they secrete pIgA

A

lamina propria

39
Q

The pIgA is taken up (via J chain) by the ___ and transcytosed into the lumen (SIgA)

A

pIgR

40
Q

___ plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the oral cavity and minor role in the GI tract

A

IgG

41
Q

_____ pentamer w/ a J chain is transcytosed via pIgR and is an adaptive immunity feature

A

IgM

42
Q

Specialized anatomy that’s part of the adaptive immunity feature include:

A
  • peyer’s patches
  • lamina propria
  • salivary glands
43
Q

What’s part of the O-MALT, found throughout the GI tract and is the inductive site of the mucosal immune response in the gut?

A

Peyer’s patches

44
Q

In the Peyer’s patches, antigens enter via transcytosis through _____

A

M cells

45
Q

The inductive site in the Peyer’s patches are covered by the _____ area which lies beneath the FAE and contains large #’s of APCs & T follicular helper cells

A

dome area (mantle zone)

46
Q

(peyer’s patch) Under the dome area is the corona, is where what is located?

A

where the naive B cells are located

47
Q

what is not organized into specialized lymphoid structures- D-MALT and is where most gut pIgA is produced?

A

Lamina propria

48
Q

what is populated with memory mIgA+ B cells, IgA-secreting plasma cells, memory Th cells, DCs, macrophages, mast cells ?

A

lamina propria

49
Q

____ is part of D-MALT and is the main source of IgA in the oral cavity

A

Salivary glands

50
Q

What form IgA is produced in the salivary glands?

A

dimeric (pIgA)

51
Q

what epithelium expresses class II HLA-Dx molecules & goblet cells; it’s also organized into villi & crypts?

A

mucosal epithelium

52
Q

mucosal epithelium have ___, ___, & _____ interspersed b/w & among the epithelial cells

A

lymphocytes, DCs, & macrophages

53
Q

Mature, differentiated T cells that interspersed among the mucosal villous epithelial cells are _____

A

intraepithelial lymphocytes

54
Q

what type of memory CD8+ CTLs?

A

aB memory cells

55
Q

When a mucosal epithelial cell becomes infected, injured, or stressed, it expresses which certain protein on it’s basolateral surface..?

A

MIC-A/MIC-B (stress proteins)

56
Q

___ see stress proteins and kill cell

A

IPLs

57
Q

What’s a specialized epithelial layer that covers the Peyer’s patches and contains M cells..?

A

Follicle Associated Epithelium (FAE)

58
Q

what type of specialized antigen uptake cells of the FAE overlying O-MALT tissues?

A

M cells

59
Q

main fxn of M cells?

A

uptake of luminal antigens

- actively pinocytic

60
Q

Ingested antigen is transcytosed ____

A

intact (transcytosis)

61
Q

Basolateral surface is invaginated, pockets contain:

A

DCs, naive lymphocytes

62
Q

APCs take up antigen & present it to T cells in what area of the peyer’s patches?

A

dome area

63
Q

In an H. pylori infxn, what happens to mucus production?

A

it decreases

64
Q

Where are goblet cells located?

A

located at top of villi and in FAE

- in large and small intestines

65
Q

Paneth cells secrete ___

A

antibacterial peptides

66
Q

Paneth cells contains granules with..?

A

lysozyme, defensins, & phospholipase enzymes

67
Q

Main differentiating separates the mucosal immune system from the systemic is..?

A

homing of activated lymphocytes

68
Q

How is antigen uptake different in mucosal immunity?

A
  • must be taken across epithelial barrier by active vesicular transport
  • not phagocytosed by an APC until after it crosses the barrier
  • APC does NOT migrate to LN
  • antigen uptake is restricted

Immunology (10 decks)

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