Active & Passive Immunity (Davis) Flashcards
(T/F) you make abs in passive immunity
FALSE; you are receiving abs from another source
Immediate protection, short-lived immunity, and no memory describe..?
passive immunity
Natural passive immunity includes:
- passage of abs from mother to fetus
Placenta (IgG) and colostrum (IgA)
Artificial passive immunity involves passage of pre-formed abs to recipient through a..?
a serum
examples of artificial passive immunity?
- human immune serum globulin
- hyper-immune/convalescent serum
- antitoxin/antivenom
(T/F) You make abs in active immunity after being exposed to an antigen
TRUE
Delayed protection and long-term immunity describe what type of immunity?
active
Example of artificial active immunity?
vaccines
Minimum threshold to achieve herd immunity is based on:
Infectivity of the pathogen (Ro)
(T/F) Vaccine should mimic natural pathogen as close as possible and stimulate immune response to develop abs and immunological memory w/o risk of infxn
TRUE
Vaccine route that’s developed for GI tract but the downside is the acidity of the stomach may destroy vaccine antigen and prevent immune response?
oral route
Which vaccine route is used for respiratory infxns and stimulate a strong IgA response?
Nasal
What’s the best vaccine route that involves the abundance of DCs which allow the antigen to be processed and presented to stimulate immune response?
Intramuscular
Antigen will ____ in muscle–> increased longevity in muscle due to slower absorption–>increased exposure time–> increased length of immune response–> develop IgG abs, memory
precipitate
which vaccine route causes a rapid immune response and has decreased likelihood of developing strong immune response..?
IV route
what is a live attenuated vaccine?
the antigen is a modified form of natural pathogen that’s developed to be non-pathogenic but retains immunologic stimulating properties
Benefit of a live attenuated vaccine?
mimics actual infxn–> stronger immunological response
CI for live attenuated vaccines:
- children <12 y/o
- immunocompromised ppl (vaccine can revert back to infective form)
Results of a live attenuated vaccine?
- develop CMI and Humoral immunity
- effective for IC pathogens
- usually one dose effective
Types of inactivated vaccines include:
- killed whole cells
- Fractional;protein
- Fractional; polysaccharide
- Reassortment
- Recombinant vector
- DNA
what type of vaccine consists of the incomplete form of pathogen or dead pathogen and only elicits humoral response (EC pathogens)?
Inactivated vaccines
(T/F) Inactivated vaccines typically require multiple doses & boosters
TRUE
(T/F) Inactivated vaccines have NO contraindications to getting multiple vaccines simultaneously except if someone has an allergy
TRUE
Decreasing the time interval may interfere w/ the immune response w/ which types of vaccines?
Inactivated vaccines
___ are (human) pooled abs for those who are immunocompromised
IVIG
_____ immunoglobulin is used for thymic transplants to reduce rejection
Antithymocyte
____ is used for prevention and tx of infxn and death caused by anthrax
Obiltoxaximab
___ immune globulin should be given before or within 2 weeks of exposure
HepA and HepB
___ immune glbulin is a live vaccine given within 6 days of exposure
Measles
___ is given along w/ the rabies vaccine series
Rabies virus inactivated antigen vaccine
_____ is given for Rh incompatibility
RhoGAM
_____ is given to infants < 6 moa in the hospital where RSV is occuring or in children <24 moa w/ breathing problems or a hx of premature birth
RSV-IGIV
___ is a monoclonal ab given to children <24 moa at the beginning of RSV season
Synagis
