Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Immunity to Infxn (Davis) > Flashcards

Immunity to Infxn (Davis) Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immunity to infxn?

A
  • physical barriers
  • phagocytosis
  • complement
  • inflammatory response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antimicrobial peptides & proteins under innate immunity?

A
  • alpha defensins
  • beta defensins
  • lysozyme
  • cathelicidins
  • collectins
  • pentraxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pus made out of?

A

dead neutrophils and pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In inflammation, what are recruited to the site of infxn?

A

neutrophils and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflammation is a common & effective way to fight pyogenic bacteria, generally ____ bacteria

A

encapsulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the case that local inflammation cannot contain infxn, ___ from tissue macrophages can enter bloodstream & induce acute phase response

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in acute phase response, cytokines can result in what?

A

fever, hematopoiesis of neutrophils & monocytes, CRP production and defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells secrete cytokines that activate more macrophages?

A

Th1 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complement activation is an alternative pathway activated quickly due to..?

A

due to natural turnover of C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ promote inflammation and wound healing

A

platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

some pathogens such as _____ initiate coagulation/clotting themselves to protect against complement or abs!

A

S. aureus (coagulase enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adaptive immunity is initiated in..?

A

secondary lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the type of adaptive response generated depends on what..?

A

the type of pathogen and which cytokines are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

antigen presentation and linked recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The main protective innate mechanisms to fight extracellular bacteria are:

A
  • complement activation
  • opsonization
  • cytokines
  • inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complement activation helps generates ___

A

opsonins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can cytokines do?

A

cause the up regulation of selectins and adhesins for extravasation and fully activate macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which complement products along w/ cytokines help recruit neutrophils and monocytes to promote inflammation and removal of pathogens?

A

C5a, C3a, C4a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The main protective adaptive mechanisms to fight extracellular bacteria involve antibody responses:

A
  • T dependent/independent responses

- Th17 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T dependent responses are going to result in all isotypes being made! What occurs during early and late stage?

A

early- complement activation (IgM)

late- “noc”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

___ cells are the main T cells involved in an extracellular bacteria infxn

A

Th17 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

main mechanism induced by Th17 cells is..?

A

secretion of cytokines that induce an inflammatory response via extravasation of neutrophils and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Response can be T-independent esp if pathogen has what..?

A

polysacc. capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What pathogen has a capsule and what does a capsule do..?

A

H.influenzae; can activate B cells independently–> increased IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T-independent bacteria initiate an adaptive response that is mediated by…?

A

by activation of the classical complement pathway to induce opsonization or lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Our adaptive response to what bacteria involves T-independent–> increased IgM–> complement activation–> opsonization?

A

S. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The main protective innate mechanisms to fight intracellular bacteria:

A
  • phagocytosis

- opsonization

28
Q

Opsonization or phagocytosis result in production of?

A

IL-12 and IL-15 which stimulate NK cells

29
Q

NK cells produce IFN-g which activate..?

A

macrophages

30
Q

Main effector mechanism for intracellular bacteria is a…?

A

cell mediated response

31
Q

(T/F) Abs and complement can’t reach bacteria inside cells but can be useful when bacteria become extracellular

A

TRUE

32
Q

Which pathogens remain within the phagolysosome bc they have developed mechanisms to avoid being killed by oxidative burst?

A

intravesicular pathogens

33
Q

which bacteria are known as intravesicular pathogens?

A

Mycobacterium and Legionella

34
Q

Intravesicular bacteria stimulated phagocyte to produce ___ to direct differentiation of Th1 cells

A

IL-12

35
Q

2 ways that Th1 cells activate macrophages to increase their ability to kill pathogens via oxidative burst?

A
  1. they interact w/ macrophages via CD40-CD40L pathway

2. Th1 cells secrete IFN-g

36
Q

Some bacteria escape from the phagosome into the cytosol which puts bacteria in which pathway?

A

MHC class I pathway which results in activation of CD8+ T cells into CTLs

37
Q

Which bacteria is known to escape into cytoplasm (cytosolic)?

A

listeria monocytogenes

38
Q

main mechanism for innate immunity to fungal pathogens is ___

A

opsonization & intracellular killing via oxidative burst

39
Q

___ is most important response to intracellular fungi infxns

A

CMI

40
Q

Extracellular fungi result in differentiation of what cells?

A

Th17 cells

41
Q

When a cell becomes infected w/ virus, it begins to secrete type I cytokines which include:

A

IFN-a and IFN-B

42
Q

Some viruses suppress expression of MHC class I molecules and are killed by ..?

A

NK cells

43
Q

IFN-a and IFN-B are induced by the presence of viral “signatures” such as ____ by intracellular PRRs

A

dsRNA

44
Q

Type I interferons act in a paracrine manner to do what..?

A

to “warn” still healthy neighboring cells to prepare for viral infxn

45
Q

Type I interferons up regulate of what for presentation?

A

MHC class I & TAP

46
Q

Type I interferon produce enzymes to do what?

A

degrade viral RNA

47
Q

(T/F) Type I interferons are produced by a cell after it gets infected by a virus

A

True

48
Q

Type I interferons cause inactivation of ___ to prevent protein synthesis

A

eIF-2

49
Q

Opsonization via C3b helps fight __ viruses while MAC lysis fights __ viruses

A

naked/enveloped

50
Q

__ dominate primary response in adaptive viral immunity

A

CTLs

51
Q

____ immunity dominates secondary response- before virions gain entry into cells and as they exit to find new cells

A

Humoral

52
Q

(T/F) “noca” plays a role in adaptive response to viruses

A

FALSE; only “noc”

53
Q

Once virions become intracellular, ___ is needed to eliminate them?

A

CMI

54
Q

what occurs in early primary response for adaptive immunity against viruses?

A
  • alternative complement
  • viral antigens presented on MHC classes
  • CD8+ T cells become CTLs
  • Th17 secrete IFN-g–> NK cells
55
Q

What occurs in late primary response for adaptive immunity against viruses?

A
  • B cells become activated and produce IgM abs
  • IgM activates classical complement
  • complement products can opsonize or lyse virions
56
Q

What occurs in secondary adaptive response to viruses?

A
  • memory B cells plasma cells
  • CTLs kill infected cells
  • abs are useful as new virions escape infected cell
57
Q

(T/F) many parasitic infxns become chronic and frequently do NOT result in development of complete immunological protection

A

True!

58
Q

Protozoan parasitic infxns are mediated by __ and ___ w/ killing via oxidative burst

A

PRRs and phagocytosis

59
Q

Helminthic parasitic infxns release ___ enzymes and activate alternative complement MAC lysis

A

lytic

60
Q

Protozoa such as ___ require both humoral and CMI

A

plasmodium falciparum

61
Q

____ is the most effective response when the parasite initially infects the hepatic cells

A

CMI

62
Q

(T/F) abs are more protective when the parasite leaves the hepatic cells to infect the RBCs

A

True!

63
Q

____ have the ability to survive within the phagocyte thus requiring a strong CMI to eliminate them

A

Leishmania

64
Q

___ parasite elicits both humoral and cell-mediated response

A

Entamoeba

65
Q

Helminths such as ____ and ____ are strictly extracellular pathogens

A

Schistosomes and Filaria

66
Q

Th2 cells are important for development of the humoral response and inducing isotype switching to IgE via _____ and ____

A

IL-4 and IL-13

67
Q

Adaptive response to parasites can be killed via _____

A

IgE mediated ADCC–> IgE binds to worm surface and eosinophils bind to IgE via Fc receptors causing degranulation

Immunology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions