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MIIM2002 > Mucosal Immunity > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Amount that microvili increase the intestinal surface area by.

A

30-fold.

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2
Q

Factors secreted by enterocytes

A

TGF-beta, chemokines, defensins

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3
Q

Factors secreted by goblet cells

A

Mucins, lysozyme, lactoferrin

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4
Q

Factors secreted by paneth cells

A

Defensins

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5
Q

Paneth cell location

A

Base of vili

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6
Q

Surface area of small intestine

A

250 square meters

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7
Q

Number of resident bacterial species in GIT

A

700 - 1000

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8
Q

Number of bacteria in GIT

A

~10^14

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9
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Mucus layer that associates with glycoprotein and polysaccharide complex.

On enterocytes.

Keeps bacteria away from epithelial surface.

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10
Q

Innate defence mechanisms of the gut

A

Peristalsis
Acid
Glycocalyx
Tight junctions between cells
Regular replacement of enterocytes
Cytokines and chemokines secreted by cells
Lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

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11
Q

Spleen

A

Receives antigens from the blood.

Part of systemic immune system.

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12
Q

Mucosal lymphoid tissues

A

Tonsils, adenoid, appendix, Peyers patches, large intestine.

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13
Q

Mucosal immune system antigen access

A

Sampled directly from gut lumen.

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14
Q

Scattered lymphoid cells

A

Effector sites

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15
Q

Organised lymphoid tissues

A

Inductive sites

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16
Q

Blood vessels that run through Peyers patches, mesenteric lymph nodes.

A

High endothelial venules

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17
Q

Cells that sit on top of Peyers patches

A

M cells

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18
Q

Area beneath epithelial layer on Peyers patches, contains dendritic cells

A

Sub-epithelial dome

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19
Q

Where Peyers patches drain to.

A

Mesenteric lymph node.

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20
Q

Cells from which M cells have differentiated

A

Endothelial cells

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21
Q

Features of M cells

A

No microvili.
Don’t secrete mucus.
Controlled uptake of antigens.
Transport antigens to sub-epithelial space.
Do not express MHC class II
Located directly over organised lymphoid tissue.

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22
Q

Location of M cells

A

Directly over organised lymph tissue in mucosal immune system.

23
Q

Classes of MHC on M cells

A 
MHC class I.
No MHC class II.
24
Q

Two methods of antigen access to mesenteric lymph nodes

A

1) Via microfold cells.

2) Via dendritic cells, which migrate from vili to MLN.

25
Q

Mucosal dendritic cell specialisations

A

Secrete cytokines to skew T response to Treg, Th2 (TGF-beta).

Bias B cell isotype to IgA.

Induce alpha 4 beta 7 expression on activated lymphocytes.

26
Q

Integrin alpha-4 beta-7 ligand.

A

MAdCAM1

27
Q

Activation of naive lymphocytes occurs in:

A

Peyers patches - APCs take up antigen delivered by M cells.

Mesenteric lymph nodes - Dendritic cells migrate from Peyers patches, lamina propria, present antigens.

28
Q

APC uptake of antigens occurs in:

A

Lamina propria - DSs directly sample lumen contents.

Peyers patches - DSs take up antigens let in by M cells.

29
Q

Anti-mesenteric border

A

Opposite side to luminal side.

30
Q

Where is MAdCAM1 expressed?

A

Endothelial cells of high endothelial venules.

31
Q

Once activated in mesenteric lymph nodes, T and B cells…

A

Enter bloodstream, return to effector sites.

EG: Lamina propria

32
Q

T-cell homing receptors into Peyers patches

A

CCR 7, L-selectin

33
Q

Where do mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

A

Thoracic duct.

34
Q

Activated T-cell homing receptors for small intestine

A

CCR9, alpha-4 beta-7 integrin.

35
Q

CCR9 ligand.

A

CCL25.

36
Q

CCL25 location

A

Small intestine epithelium.

37
Q

CCR10 ligand.

A

CCL28.

38
Q

CCL28 location.

A

Epithelium of large intestine.

39
Q

MAdCAM1 sites of expression.

A

Many mucosal sites.

40
Q

TGF beta induces particular types of:

1) T cells
2) Antibodies

A

1) Treg, Th2

2) IgA.

41
Q

Proteins associated with IgA dimers in mucosal tissue.

A

Secretory component.

J-chain.

42
Q

Amount of IgA secreted per day.

A

3-5g.

43
Q

pIgR location.

A

Basolateral face of intestinal epithelial cell.

44
Q

IgA receptor on basolateral surface of epithelial cells.

A

pIgR.

45
Q

pIgR

A

Polymeric IgA Receptor.

46
Q

Origin of secretory component.

A

pIgR on epithelial cells. Part of pIgR cleaved off in the lumen, this forms the secretory component.

47
Q

Functions of sIgA:
1)
2)

A

1) Blocks toxin attachment.
2) Blocks epithelial attachment.
Serves these functions in lumen, intracellularly and in lamina propria.

48
Q

Properties of sIgA:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Doesn’t activate complement cascade, to reduce inflammation.
2) Weak opsonin.
3) Long half life - secretory component protects against enzymatic degradation.

49
Q

Respiratory tract inductive sites.
1)
2)

A

1) Adenoids.

2) Tonsils.

50
Q

Secretions of alveolar epithelium.

A

Surfactant fluid.

NOT mucus.

51
Q

Surfactant fluid properties.

A

Antimicrobial. SP-A, SP-B, SP-D.

52
Q

Respiratory tract effector sites:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Salivary glands.
2) Lacrimal glands.
3) Bronchus.

53
Q

Ligands in small intestine for a-4 b-7 and CCR9 of activated T cells

A

a-4 b-7 - E-caderhin

CCR9 - CCL25

54
Q

Ligands in large intestine for a-4 b-7 and CCR10 of activated t cells

A

a-4 b-7 - E-cadherin

CCR10 - CCL28

MIIM2002 (13 decks)

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