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MIIM2002 > Manipulating the Immune Response > Flashcards

Manipulating the Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

TLR1/TLR2

A

Peptidoglycan, lipoarabinomannan, zymosan, lipoproteins.

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2
Q

TLR6/TLR2

A

Peptidoglycan, lipoarabinomannan, zymosan, lipoproteins.

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3
Q

TLR4

A

Lipopolysaccharide, heat shock protein 60, heat shock protein 70 (HSP60, HSP70)

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4
Q

TLR5

A

Flagellin

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5
Q

Mannose-binding receptor location

A

Membrane-bound

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6
Q

TLR3

A

ssRNA

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7
Q

TLR7

A

ssDNA

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8
Q

TLR9

A

CpGDNA

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9
Q

TLR3 location

A

Endosomally membrane-bound

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10
Q

TLR7 location

A

Endosome membrane

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11
Q

TLR9 location

A

Endosome membrane

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12
Q

RIG-like helicase ligand

A

Viral DNA

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13
Q

Nod-like receptor ligand

A

Degraded gram negative peotidoglycan, DAMPS

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14
Q

Macrophage response to PRR-PAMP binding

CASSIE CLyP

A 
Chemokines
Antiviral cytokines
Stimulatory cytokines
Suppressive cytokines
Inflammatory cytokines
Eicosanoids
Complement proteins
Lysozyme
y
Prostaglandin
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15
Q

Macrophage-released chemokines

A

IL-8

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16
Q

Macrophage-released anti-viral cytokines

A

Interferon alpha

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17
Q

Macrophage-released stimulatory cytokines

A

IL12, GM-CSF

18
Q

IL12 role

A

T-cell, NK cell activation

19
Q

Macrophage-released suppressive cytokines

A

IL10, TGF-beta

20
Q

Macrophage-released inflammatory cytokines

A

IL1, IL6, TNF-alpha

21
Q

IL1 role

A

Increase permeability of vascular endothelium

22
Q

IL6 role

A

Increase acute-phase proteins

23
Q

Possible adjuvants
1)
2)

A

1) TLR7 agonists to induce stronger antiviral response.

2) TLR9 agonist to induce appropriate T-cell and cytokine response.

24
Q

Endotoxic shock pathogenesis

A

Overstimulation of TLR4 from LPS in blood.

Oversecretion of IL1, TNF-alpha by macrophages.

25
Q

Endotoxic shock treatment

A

TLR4 antagonists.

26
Q

Gout, diabetes II treatments

A

Antibodies directed against IL1, IL1R (antiinflammatory)

27
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis treatment

A

TNF-alpha antagonists

28
Q

Therapeutic use for TLR2 agonists

A

Treat allergic rhinitis.

Reduce IL2 release, less IgE, eosinophil recruitment.

29
Q

Passive immunity can be naturally and artificially given

A

Breast milk.

Injection.

30
Q 
Types of vaccine:
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Virus-like particles
2) Live attenuated
3) Killed pathogen
4) Subunit of antigen

VLKS

31
Q

Pros of live attenuated

A

1) Can be delivered orally, intravenously, parenterally
2) Long-lived immunity
3) Replicate in appropriate tissue
4) Spectrum of antigens

32
Q

Cons of live attenuated

A

Reversion to virulence

Cold chain

33
Q

Killed/extracted antigens pros

A

No cold chain

No reversion to virulence

34
Q

Killed/extracted antigens cons

A

Delivered parenterally
Shorter-lived immunity (need boosters)
Doesn’t replicate –> higher doses needed
Restricted number of antigens

35
Q

B-Cell induction without Th cells

A

Low-affinity IgM produced

36
Q

Effective B-cell induction requires:

A

Th cell activation

37
Q

How CD4+ cell induces B cell isoconversion

A

T-cell CD40L binds B-cell CD40

Cytokines released by Th provide signal 3

38
Q

Effective CD4+ induction:
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Signal 1) Antigen endocytosed by APC, presented on MHC II
2) Signal 2) PAMP-PRR binding induces APC to express CD80, CD86. CD80, CD86 bind T-cell CD28
3) Signal 3 can be provided to skew Th response.

39
Q

Way to induce APC CD80, CD86 expression

A

Adjuvants added to vaccine

40
Q

Effective CD8+ induction:

A

1) Signal 1) Antigen must be presented on MHC I

This requires exit from endosome.

41
Q

Ways to induce antigen to be presented on MHC I

A

1) Live attenuated will automatically exit endosome.
2) Coat antigen in avirulent viral vector.
3) Lipid Immune Stimulatory COMplexes (ISCOM)

MIIM2002 (13 decks)

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