mucoadhesion

Question 1

Mucoadhesion:

Answer 1

the attractive interaction between the dosage form and the mucosal surface in the body.

Question 2

what are the mucosal route of drug administration?

Answer 2

Mucosal route of drug administration
	• Oral cavity (buccal, gingival and sublingual)
	• Nasal 
	• Oral 
	• Oesophageal 
	• Ocular 
	• Vaginal 
	• Rectal 
Intravesical( urinary bladder)

Question 3

what are the advantages of mucoadhesive delivery?

Answer 3

Advantages of mucoadhesive delivery
• Increased dosage form residence time
• Improved drug bioavailability - more chance of being absorbed by the tissue
• Reduced administration frequency
• Simplified administration / termination of a therapy
• Non-invasive (No need needle)
• Possibility of targeting particular body sites and tissues
Avoidance of the metabolism associated with the passage through the GI tract (non-oral routes)

Question 4

what is the method used to evaluate mucoashesive properties?

Answer 4

1. tensile - measure force

2. flow through method

Question 5

what is tensile - measure force?

Answer 5

1. Probe goes down
   
   2. At the bottom there is animal tissue
   3. Tablet will touch animal tissue
   4. Tablet is left in contact with an animal tissue for 1 min.
   5. During this one minute - polymer in the tablet starts to swell. Macromolecules become a little more hydrated and they will start to diffuse into the layer of mucus
      After 1 minute the probe will go up and detach the tablet

Question 6

what is the Flow through method

Answer 6

2 variants of this technique:
• Collecting the liquid and analysing it for the presence of any active ingredients.
Use a fluorescent dye and put it under microscope and image the sample

Question 7

what are types of mucoadhesive formulation

Answer 7

Types of mucoadhesive formulations 
	- Solid formulation 
		○ Tablets 
		○ Inserts 
		○ Lozenges 
		○ Films 
	- Semi-solid and liquid formulations 
		○ Gel and paste 
		○ Viscous liquid 
Gel forming liquids

Question 8

types of material with mucoadhesive materials

Answer 8

first generation
-chitoson - cationic
poly(acrylic acid) - anionic - has carboxylic acid
methyl cellulose - neutral

Second generation
Material whose mucoadhesive properties were enhanced with chemical modification
This enhancement is achieved through the ability to form covalent bonds with molecules present on mucosal surfaces

Question 9

Q–> What are the specific features of mucoadhesive

Answer 9

• Hydrophilic or water soluble polymers
• Negatively or positively charged groups (polyelectrolytes)
• If both positively and negatively charged groups are present then the mucoadhesion is poor
Strong hydrogen bonding group - carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino group

Question 10

Q–> what are the factors which are influencing mucoadhesion

Answer 10

• Molecular weight of polymers
• Concentration of mucoadhesive
• Chain flexibility/ cross linking density of polymers
• pH
Presence of non-mucoadhesive co-excipients